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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can plan to investigate the physical property of thermal insulation.

      Key learning points

      1. Different materials have different physical properties.
      2. A thermal insulator is a material that does not allow heat to pass through easily.
      3. Different materials can be suitable or unsuitable for thermal insulation depending on their properties.
      4. In a comparative test, the variable that is being changed has names or labels, such as the names of plants.
      5. When we control variables, it means we keep them the same throughout an investigation.

      Keywords

      • Material - A material is the substance that objects are made from such as wood, metal or plastic.

      • Physical properties - The physical properties of a material are the features that can be observed or measured.

      • Thermal insulator - A thermal insulator is a material that does not allow heat to pass through it easily.

      • Comparative test - In a comparative test, the variable that is being changed has names or labels, such as the names of plants.

      • Variables - A variable is something that can be changed, measured or kept the same in an investigation.

      Common misconception

      Children may think that thermal insulators only keep things warm.

      Task A specifically addresses this misconception. Children will have opportunities to investigate which cup has the best thermal insulation properties for keeping drinks cold in lesson 5 of this unit.

      Teacher tip

      Make sure children understand that thermal insulators can keep things cold as well as warm. Focus on the idea that good thermal insulators limit temperature changes.

      Equipment

      This is a planning lesson but it may help children to have access to a range of cups made from different materials, as well as thermometers and stopwatches. They will carry out tests in lesson 4.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is the word or phrase used to describe what a material can do or how it behaves?

      physical mass
      Correct answer: physical properties
      physical weight
      physical size

      Q2.
      Match the material to the physical property.

      Correct Answer:sandpaper,rough
      Correct Answer:ice,smooth
      Correct Answer:wool,soft

      Q3.
      Which materials are not magnetic?

      Correct answer: all non-metals and some metals
      some non-metals and some metals
      all metals

      Q4.
      What is the name for materials which do not allow electricity to pass through them easily?

      electrical conductors
      electrical materials
      Correct answer: electrial insulators
      electrical wires

      Q5.
      What is the name for materials which do not allow sound to pass through them easily?

      Correct answer: sound insulators
      sound conductors
      sound keepers
      sound blockers

      Q6.
      If you were choosing materials to build a bridge, which of these would be useful to base your choice on?

      the materials' names
      Correct answer: the materials’ physical properties
      the materials’ colour
      the materials’ size

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Different materials often have physical properties.

      Correct Answer: different

      Q2.
      A thermal insulator is a material that …

      allows heat to pass through easily.
      does not allow any heat to pass through.
      Correct answer: does not allow heat to pass through easily.

      Q3.
      What type of enquiry is used when the variable that is being changed has names or labels, e.g. types of materials?

      research using secondary sources
      fair test
      Correct answer: comparative test
      identifying and classifying

      Q4.
      What makes a material suitable or unsuitable for thermal insulation?

      its cost
      its colour
      Correct answer: its properties
      its name

      Q5.
      Match the physical property to the expected observation.

      Correct Answer:cup made from a good thermal insulator,hot drinks cool down slowly
      Correct Answer:cup made from a poor thermal insulator,hot drinks cool down quickly

      Q6.
      What does it mean to control variables in an investigation?

      change the variables
      Correct answer: keep variables the same
      know how many variables there are

      To help you plan your 5 science lesson on: Thermal insulators: plan, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...