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      Environmental impact of materials

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain the environmental impact that materials have during a product's life cycle.

      Key learning points

      1. Manufacturing materials uses energy, resources, and creates emissions.
      2. Using a product can consume energy, resources, and produce waste.
      3. Disposing of products can create waste, pollution, and lose valuable resources.

      Keywords

      • LCA - life cycle assessment; assesses the environmental impact at every stage of a product’s life

      • Carbon footprint - total amount of greenhouse gases a product or activity produces

      • Product miles - distance a product travels from production to consumer

      Common misconception

      The environmental impact of a material only happens when the product is thrown away.

      A material’s environmental impact occurs at every stage of its life cycle; during manufacture, use, and disposal.

      Teacher tip

      Use real product examples and trace their life cycle to make each stage’s environmental impact evident for students.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of these is NOT a material?

      timber
      polymer
      Correct answer: electricity
      metal

      Q2.
      What is the main job of the matrix in a composite material?

      to give the material its strength
      to make the material heavier
      Correct answer: to bind the reinforcement together and protect it
      to allow the reinforcement to move freely

      Q3.
      Put the stages in the correct order from source to stock form:

      1 - raw material is collected
      2 - material is processed to be usable
      3 - use material in manufacturing

      Q4.
      Which group includes only natural materials?

      polypropylene, nylon, wool
      Correct answer: gold, cotton, oak
      polyester, glass, corrugated cardboard
      acrylic, steel, linen

      Q5.
      Match the material to its source:

      Correct Answer:aluminium,ores in rocks

      ores in rocks

      Correct Answer:polyester,crude oil

      crude oil

      Correct Answer:wool,sheep

      sheep

      Correct Answer:tissue paper,trees

      trees

      Q6.
      What is the main purpose of recycling?

      Correct answer: to save resources
      to generate waste
      to collect raw materials
      to increase pollution

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which stage of the Life Cycle Assessment involves processing raw materials?

      use
      Correct answer: manufacture
      disposal

      Q2.
      Which of these products is most energy efficient in use?

      incandescent bulb
      halogen bulb
      Correct answer: LED bulb
      candle

      Q3.
      Match the word to its definition:

      Correct Answer:landfill,waste buried in the ground, often polluting soil and water

      waste buried in the ground, often polluting soil and water

      Correct Answer:upcycling,turning waste into something new and more valuable

      turning waste into something new and more valuable

      Correct Answer:recycling,processing used materials into a new material

      processing used materials into a new material

      Correct Answer:life cycle assessment,assesses the environmental impact at every stage of a product’s life

      assesses the environmental impact at every stage of a product’s life

      Correct Answer:carbon footprint,total amount of greenhouse gases a product or activity produces

      total amount of greenhouse gases a product or activity produces

      Correct Answer:product miles,distance a product travels from production to consumer

      distance a product travels from production to consumer

      Q4.
      Transporting materials long distances increases , adding to the carbon footprint.

      Correct Answer: product miles, product mile

      Q5.
      Refining materials by uses large amounts of ...

      Correct Answer: energy, electricity

      Q6.
      Which of these design features helps reduce a product’s carbon footprint during use?

      short product lifespan
      low energy efficiency
      Correct answer: repairable parts
      additional parts

      To help you plan your 11 design and technology lesson on: Environmental impact of materials, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...