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      Using description in functional writing

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can use a description to create interesting functional writing.

      Key learning points

      1. Functional writing that makes use of description is often stronger.
      2. Anecdotes are brilliant for connecting to the reader through creating a shared experience.
      3. Before writing an anecdote, consider what you want your reader to feel - choose your language accordingly.
      4. A successful anecdote makes use of language to create vivid imagery for the reader, so they can share the experience.
      5. Figurative language can be very persuasive when used effectively.

      Keywords

      • Anecdote - a short, personal story told to illustrate a point

      • Semantic field - a group of words with shared meaning

      • Figurative language - language that is meaningful, but not literally true

      • Contagious - easily-spread or transferred - usually used to describe illnesses or emotions

      Common misconception

      Students often do not use descriptions in functional writing frequently enough.

      Descriptive language massively enhances functional writing. Anecdotes are a brilliant example of how descriptive writing can be used to connect to the reader/audience.

      Teacher tip

      To challenge pupils, get them to write their own anecdotes for the same prompt about horror films, instead of analysing the model anecdote in Task A.

      Equipment

      You will need access to a copy of the model answer used for this lesson. It's available in the additional materials.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following is the correct definition for 'figurative language'?

      language that uses two or more similar sounds
      language that indicates time or place
      Correct answer: language that is meaningful but not literally true
      language that sounds the noise it represents
      language that requires prior knowledge to understand

      Q2.
      Which of the following methods are figurative language methods?

      rhetorical question
      Correct answer: zoomorphism
      alliteration
      Correct answer: personification

      Q3.
      Which of the the following are examples of figurative language?

      My name is Eleanor - Eleanor Snow.
      Correct answer: She had ice cold blood running through her veins.
      The house was enormous - too big if I was honest.
      Correct answer: The thunder rumbled and the lightning cracked like an immense whip.
      I was sweating. My palms were wet and clammy.

      Q4.
      If a writer uses an anecdote, what are they using?

      two or more words that begin with the same letter
      a question that doesn't require an answer
      Correct answer: a short, personal story
      words that sound like the noise they represent

      Q5.
      Which of the following openings is anecdotal?

      My name is Ella. I'm 25 years old.
      I've been a doctor all my life.
      Correct answer: Last year, I was on my way to work when....
      We've all watched the news, haven't we?

      Q6.
      Match the rhetorical device to its definition.

      Correct Answer:anecdote,short personal story

      short personal story

      Correct Answer:rhetorical question,a question that doesn't need an answer

      a question that doesn't need an answer

      Correct Answer:anaphora,a type of repetition at the start of successive clauses

      a type of repetition at the start of successive clauses

      Correct Answer:inclusive pronouns,using words like 'we' to create a community

      using words like 'we' to create a community

      Correct Answer:repetition,repeating a word

      repeating a word

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      are short personal stories.

      Correct Answer: anecdotes

      Q2.
      What is the effect of using an anecdote in functional writing?

      Correct answer: they can illustrate your point in a different way
      they can show your reader that you are a nice person
      Correct answer: they can help you establish a connection to your reader
      the can stop your audience from heckling you during a speech
      they can make your work more interesting because they are not commonly used

      Q3.
      language is a great way to create vivid imagery for the reader or audience in functional writing.

      Correct Answer: Figurative

      Q4.
      A strong anecdote should....

      only be told at the beginning of a piece of writing
      only be told once in a piece of writing - it cannot be referred to again
      Correct answer: use language methods to create vivid imagery for the reader
      Correct answer: lead with emotions so that the reader/audience knows how to feel
      be very matter-of-fact - you should not use figurative language or description

      Q5.
      Which of the following is an example of a semantic field of restriction?

      Correct answer: stern
      Correct answer: controlled
      generous
      Correct answer: oppressive
      disinterested

      Q6.
      Which of the following use figurative language to persuade?

      Young people have no choice anymore.
      Young people's freedom is being taken away from them.
      Correct answer: Young people are being imprisoned by a dismal lack of choice.
      Correct answer: Young people's futures lie in tatters on the floor.
      Young people are not free to make their own decisions anymore.

      To help you plan your 8 English lesson on: Using description in functional writing, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...