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      'Frankenstein' and the Gothic context

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can recognise and explore Shelley’s use of Gothic conventions in ‘Frankenstein’.

      Key learning points

      1. Liminality describes the physical process of crossing across boundaries and borders.
      2. The Creature is a liminal creature because it is characterised as a living corpse.
      3. Victor has committed a moral transgression against nature, God and science in creating the Creature.
      4. Shelley uses the Gothic genre to explore the darker side of humanity and consuming ambition.
      5. Shelley arguably presents us with the idea that real monsters are not born, but shaped by society or those around them.

      Keywords

      • Liminality - Liminality is the physical process of transitioning across boundaries and borders.

      • Transgression - A violation of a boundary, rule or law.

      • Vitality - The state of being strong and full of life.

      • To violate - To break or act against something.

      • Vengeance - When a person inflicts harm on another because they, themselves have been harmed by that person previously.

      Common misconception

      Students tend to think of humans as being good and monsters as being evil.

      In this novel, the line between good and evil is blurred. Shelley forces us to question who the real monster is in the novel.

      Teacher tip

      As a starter/settling activity, it could be interesting to show students pictures of cartoon villains who became villains because they felt wronged and ask them how they feel about these people and whether they are to blame for their actions.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of serious crime

      Depiction or discussion of peer pressure or bullying

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Complete the sentence: Mary wrote the novel 'Frankenstein'.

      Correct Answer: Shelley

      Q2.
      Which of the following Gothic conventions do we see in the narrative of 'Frankenstein'?

      third person narrator
      Correct answer: multiple narrators
      one singular narrator
      second person narrative

      Q3.
      Which of the following themes do we often see in Gothic literature?

      family
      war
      peace
      Correct answer: battle between good and evil
      friendship

      Q4.
      How does Victor Frankenstein reject his creation in 'Frankenstein'?

      he insults it
      Correct answer: he runs away from it
      he mocks it
      he offers it up for sale

      Q5.
      Which of the following words does Victor use in his narrative to describe the Creature in 'Frankenstein'?

      Correct answer: wretch
      spirit
      Correct answer: mummy
      hell-hound
      troll

      Q6.
      In 'Frankenstein', what does Victor Frankenstein mean when he states that the Creature "became a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived"?

      he means that the Creature was so beautiful he looked sculpted
      he means that the Creature was so amusing that he could have been in a comedy
      he means that the Creature was so ugly it could have been in a circus
      Correct answer: he means that the Creature was so frightful it looked like it belonged in hell
      he means that the Creature was so divine it could belong in heaven

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      is the boundary between two opposing states.

      Correct Answer: Liminality

      Q2.
      The Creature in 'Frankenstein' represents liminality because...

      it represents purgatory - the state between heaven and hell.
      it represents actions and consequences and what lies between.
      Correct answer: it is almost half dead and half alive - it is like a living corpse.
      it represents Victor's scientific success - he is on the cusp of discovery.

      Q3.
      is the violation of a rule, law or boundary.

      Correct Answer: Transgression

      Q4.
      Which of the following are Victor's acts of transgression in 'Frankenstein'?

      Correct answer: stealing body part to make his creation
      joining Robert Walton on his ship
      wishing for the destruction of his creation
      Correct answer: creating another, unnatural human being
      becoming a scientist

      Q5.
      What does Shelley try to teach us about good and evil in 'Frankenstein'?

      the line between good and evil is clearly-defined
      it is easy to be a good person in an evil world
      Correct answer: the line between good and evil is blurry
      Correct answer: evil people are often not born that way - they are shaped by their experiences
      people are always good, monsters are always bad

      Q6.
      Which quotation from 'Frankenstein' best portrays the Creature as a liminal being?

      "his hair was of a lustrous black"
      "the accomplishment of my toils"
      "I beheld the wretch"
      Correct answer: "shrivelled complexion and straight black lips"
      "teeth of a pearly whiteness"

      To help you plan your 8 English lesson on: 'Frankenstein' and the Gothic context, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...