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      Considering and understanding allusions in Golding's 'Lord of the Flies'

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain some of the allusions Golding makes in the novel and why he makes them.

      Key learning points

      1. Arguably, through the novel, Golding alludes to the 'Garden of Eden' story in the Bible.
      2. The Garden of Eden parable recounts the story of original sin - the idea that man is born innately sinful.
      3. Golding draws parallels between the boys' transgressions on the island and Adam and Eve's transgression in Genesis.
      4. Arguably, the "beast" inside man tempts man into sinning, thereby corrupting his virtuosity.
      5. Golding alludes to Milton’s 'Paradise Lost' by using a symbolic title that represents the concept of innate evil.

      Keywords

      • Allusion - when a writer makes references to another story or text

      • Transgression - an act that goes against a rule or law

      • Virtuous - innocent and pure of heart

      • To violate - to break or fail to comply with a rule

      Common misconception

      Students might try to draw parallels between Jack and the snake from the Garden of Eden.

      Arguably, the temptation is not Jack himself, but the savagery and evil that resides within him. It is the "beast" within him that tempts him to evil.

      Teacher tip

      You could set the Garden of Eden Bible story for extra reading.

      Equipment

      A copy of the Faber & Faber 1997 edition of 'Lord of the Flies' is essential for this lesson.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following is arguably the central theme of 'Lord of the Flies'?

      family
      love
      Correct answer: good vs evil
      religion and faith

      Q2.
      What is symbolism?

      a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning
      the process of creating and developing characters in a story
      comparing two things in order to show the difference between them
      Correct answer: the use of images, words or nouns to represent abstract ideas or qualities

      Q3.
      Which character never surrenders to savagery in 'Lord of the Flies'?

      Ralph
      Piggy
      Jack
      Roger
      Correct answer: Simon

      Q4.
      What is the "beast" in 'Lord of the Flies'?

      a giant pig who preys on the boys
      the dead body of the littlun who died in the fire
      Correct answer: a figment of the boys' imaginations that represents fear
      a ghost that the boys imagine haunts the island

      Q5.
      An is when a writer makes references to another story or text.

      Correct Answer: allusion

      Q6.
      Someone who ends up in prison has transgressed. What might 'to transgress' mean?

      to return to an earlier state of development
      to show an innoce and pure heart
      Correct answer: to break or fail to comply with a rule
      to make reference to someone else's actions

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following stories does Golding allude to 'Lord of the Flies'?

      Correct answer: Milton's 'Paradise Lost'
      Keats' 'Lamia'
      The story of David and Goliath
      Correct answer: The Garden of Eden story

      Q2.
      Where did the concept of 'original sin' supposedly come from?

      It came from the devil, Beelzebub, who fell from grace.
      Correct answer: Man inherited this evil from Adam, as part of his punishment for transgressing.
      Milton coined the term as part of this 'Paradise Lost' poem.

      Q3.
      What might the fire in Chapter 2 of 'Lord of the Flies' symbolise?

      rebirth of each boy into more civilised characters
      the danger of Jack, also represented by his red hair
      Correct answer: the transition from paradise to hell for the island

      Q4.
      Who is Beelzebub?

      Satan, the devil
      Correct answer: one of Satan's followers
      one of Christ's followers
      an alternative name for Christ

      Q5.
      Which of the following sentences about 'Lord of the Flies' uses the word "virtuous" correctly?

      Jack was virtuous when he killed the pig.
      Correct answer: Despite the savagery around him, Simon remains virtuous.
      Jack's mask gave him the appearance of a virtuous.
      Piggy's spectacles show his virtuous nature.

      Q6.
      Why might Golding have chosen the title 'Lord of the Flies' and alluded to Beelzebub?

      to illustrate that the pig head was a demon sent by Satan
      Correct answer: to illustrate that this novel is an exploration of innate evil
      to show that Jack was acting on behalf of the devil
      to contrast with the novel's key theme: civilisation
      Correct answer: to illustrate that the novel will be about man's fall from grace

      To help you plan your 9 English lesson on: Considering and understanding allusions in Golding's 'Lord of the Flies', download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...