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      'A Christmas Carol': Scrooge's fireplace and Dickens' use of allusion

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can understand the allusions Dickens makes in his description of Scrooge’s fireplace.

      Key learning points

      1. Dickens describes Scrooge’s fireplace as very ornate and decorative by comparison to the rest of his lodgings.
      2. Dickens uses the fireplace to allude to various stories from the Scriptures, such as the Queen of Sheba and Belshazzar.
      3. Dickens draws parallels between Marley’s Ghost and the Pharaoh's daughter because they both save a soul.
      4. Dickens highlights Marley’s sins by comparing him to Cain in the Bible.
      5. Dickens uses allusion to draw comparisons between Belshazzar and Scrooge, both of whom worship false idols.

      Keywords

      • Allusion - an indirect reference to something else.

      • To depict - to show or present something in a certain way.

      • Ornate - highly decorated.

      • Draw parallels - to make connections with something else.

      • Endeavour - to try hard.

      Common misconception

      Pupils do not recognise the significance of Dickens' description of Scrooge's fireplace.

      The description contains a multitude of allusions that enhance our understanding of the characters Marley's Ghost and Scrooge.

      Teacher tip

      You may want to print pupils stories from the Scriptures and get them to read them independently before discussing them. This will further enhance their understanding of the allusions and will allow them to form their own ideas.

      Equipment

      You will need a copy of Dickens' 'A Christmas Carol' for this lesson.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      How are Scrooge's lodgings described in Stave 1 of 'A Christmas Carol'?

      Correct answer: bare and plain
      ornate and decorative
      valuable and beautiful
      bright and colourful

      Q2.
      Which parable does Dickens allude to through Marley's Ghost's regret in 'A Christmas Carol'?

      The Good Samaritan
      Correct answer: Lazarus and the Rich Man
      The Lioness and her Cubs
      The Almond Tree
      The Eagles and the Vine

      Q3.
      What role does Marley's Ghost play in the novella 'A Christmas Carol'?

      Dickens' moral compass
      Correct answer: Scrooge's redeemer
      An example of how to live your life
      Correct answer: A harbinger of hope
      Scrooge's enemy

      Q4.
      What does 'to draw parallels between' mean?

      Correct answer: to make connections to
      to be exactly the same as
      to contrast with
      two characters whose lives run alongside one another

      Q5.
      Complete the quotation from Stave 2 of 'A Christmas Carol': "Another has displaced me.... a golden one."

      Correct Answer: Idol, idol, Idol., idol., 'idol'

      Q6.
      A is a short, simple story with a moral lesson, as told by Jesus in the Gospels.

      Correct Answer: Parable, Parable., parable., parable., 'parable'

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is an allusion?

      a short story containing a moral lesson
      Correct answer: a reference a writer makes to another story
      the main character in a novella
      a simple story with a moral lesson as told by Jesus in the Gospels
      a group of words which all start with the same letter

      Q2.
      How is Scrooge's fireplace described in Stave 1 of 'A Christmas Carol'?

      small and meagre
      Correct answer: ornate and decorative
      expensive and valuable
      huge and ugly
      plain and dull

      Q3.
      What is ironic about Scrooge being surrounded by depictions of the Scriptures on his fireplace in Stave 1 of 'A Christmas Carol'?

      It suggests he wholeheartedly abides by the teachings of the Scriptures.
      It reflects the way in which he has surrounded himself with people.
      Correct answer: It suggests he has neglected faith and morality in favour of avarice and greed.
      It suggests he has isolated himself from humanity, but not from art.

      Q4.
      Who was Cain in the Bible?

      Correct answer: Abel's brother and murderer who was exiled by God
      the father of Abel, who punished his son for murder
      God's appointed deputy on Earth
      the first-born son of Abel - Adam's son
      the brother of Eve from the Genesis story

      Q5.
      In what way are Marley's Ghost in 'A Christmas Carol' and Cain similar?

      Correct answer: They are both doomed to wander the Earth as punishment for their sins.
      They are both the sons of important figures.
      They both help to save someone else's soul.
      Correct answer: They are both sinful.
      They both carry heavy chains and cashboxes around with them.

      Q6.
      Which characters from the Scriptures does Dickens compare to Scrooge through his use of allusion in Stave 1 of 'A Christmas Carol'?

      Abel
      Correct answer: Solomon
      Correct answer: Belshazzar
      The Queen of Sheba
      The Pharoah's daughter

      To help you plan your 11 English lesson on: 'A Christmas Carol': Scrooge's fireplace and Dickens' use of allusion, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...