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      Analysing the poem 'Porphyria's Lover' by Robert Browning

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can include meaningful context when writing about modern poems in the ‘Love and Relationships’ anthology.

      Key learning points

      1. Browning uses pathetic fallacy to reflect the emotional turmoil the speaker initially feels.
      2. Browning uses symbolism to convey the taboo nature of Porphyria's sexuality and the illicit relationship.
      3. Browning reveals the speaker's desire to exert total control over Porphyria by killing her.
      4. In the resolution, Browning conveys the speaker's psychotic lack of remorse for his gruesome murder.
      5. Browning uses the form of a dramatic monologue to explore the motivations and psyche of a murderer.

      Keywords

      • Taboo - something forbidden by social norms

      • Pivotal - crucially important

      • Symbolism - using symbols to represent deeper meanings

      • Fallen woman - a woman shunned for moral failings

      • Psyche - the human mind and spirit

      Common misconception

      Porphyria is entirely passive and without agency.

      Porphyria displays agency by actively seeking out the speaker and initiating intimacy. Her actions challenge societal norms, reflecting her independence and desire, despite her eventual victimisation.

      Teacher tip

      If you have time, you may wish to draw parallels in the poem with 'My Last Duchess', another poem by Robert Browning that explores the cruel acts of an unreliable and insane narrator.

      Equipment

      You will need a copy of the poem 'Porphyria's Lover' by Robert Browning which can be found in the AQA 'Love and Relationships' anthology and the additional materials.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of serious crime

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      'Porphyria's Lover' was written by ...

      Correct answer: Robert Browning.
      Alfred Lord Tennyson.
      Thomas Hardy.
      Charles Dickens.

      Q2.
      'Porphyria's Lover' is written from the perspective of a troubled narrator who reveals much about his personal thoughts. As such we would say it is ...

      Correct answer: a dramatic monologue.
      an autobiography.
      a soliloquy.
      a diary entry.

      Q3.
      Starting with the first, put these events from 'Porphyria's Lover' in chronological order.

      1 - The speaker describes a destructive storm.
      2 - Porphyria enters the cottage.
      3 - She removes her damp clothing and unfurls her hair.
      4 - Porphyria tells the narrator of her love for him.
      5 - The narrator is unsure what to do but eventually decides to murder her.
      6 - The narrator kills Porphyria by strangling her with her own hair.
      7 - He then spends all night with her body declaring that God will not condemn him.

      Q4.
      Complete the sentence: 'Arguably, in 'Porphyria's Lover', Porphyria is presented as a very provocative character, doing several things that would seem __________ to a Victorian audience.'

      Correct answer: transgressive
      commonplace
      amusing

      Q5.
      Which language device is being described here: 'using symbols to explore deeper meanings'?

      Correct Answer: Symbolism

      Q6.
      If something is 'taboo' then it is __________ by social norms.

      Correct answer: forbidden
      encouraged
      ignored
      defined

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the below are reasonable synonyms of the word 'pivotal'?

      Correct answer: crucial
      Correct answer: vital
      Correct answer: important
      perfect
      dynamic

      Q2.
      In Victorian society, a woman shunned for moral failings would have been described as a woman.

      Correct Answer: fallen

      Q3.
      Which of these are effective ways to develop our analysis in English?

      Correct answer: link to relevant context
      Correct answer: explain the effect on the reader
      Correct answer: give an alternative interpretation
      Correct answer: extend our analysis by adding a further quotation
      make a link to the writer's childhood experiences

      Q4.
      Which of the below discourse markers would be effective for comparing and contrasting?

      Correct answer: However
      For example
      Additionally
      Correct answer: Whereas
      Correct answer: In contrast

      Q5.
      Which of the below are reasonable points to make about the pathetic fallacy at the start of 'Porphyria's Lover'?

      Correct answer: It reflects the emotional turmoil the speaker initially experiences.
      The poem is about human relationships, the focus on nature is a contrast.
      Pathetic fallacy was a common language device used in Victorian times.
      Correct answer: It creates a foreboding atmosphere, hinting at the violence to come.

      Q6.
      Aisha makes a point about 'Porphyria's Lover': 'As a symbol of her sexuality, Porphyria's hair would have been shocking to a Victorian audience.' Why is this not the most effective use of context?

      it is incorrect
      Correct answer: it is too generic
      it doesn't include evidence from the poem
      it doesn't make a link to Browning's life

      To help you plan your 11 English lesson on: Analysing the poem 'Porphyria's Lover' by Robert Browning, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...