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      Understanding how Shelley critiques powerful institutions in 'England in 1819'

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how Shelley presents powerful institutions through a consideration of the language and Romantic context.

      Key learning points

      1. ‘England in 1819’ is arguably a criticism of powerful institutions who are blind to the suffering of ordinary folk.
      2. The Peterloo Massacre happened in England in 1819.
      3. The Peterloo Massacre happened at a protest demanding the reform of parliamentary representation.
      4. Arguably, Shelley criticises the monarchy, the Church and parliament for not acting in the people’s best interests.

      Keywords

      • Institution - an established organisation or corporation (such as a bank or university) often for use by the public

      • Monarchy - the system of having a king or queen

      • Critical - expressing adverse or disapproving comments or judgements

      • Romanticism - a poetic movement from the late 18th and early 19th century, focused on emotions and nature

      Common misconception

      That Romantic poets were purely concerned with nature.

      While nature is a prominent theme of many Romantic poems, Romantics were also social revolutionaries who criticised institutions such as the monarchy and the Church.

      Teacher tip

      It might be beneficial to spend a bit more time defining Romanticism if it is an unfamiliar term to your students.

      Equipment

      You will need access to a copy of the AQA World and Lives anthology for this lesson.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      To be critical of something is to...

      say positive things
      Correct answer: say negative things
      have no opinion

      Q2.
      The word 'despise' means...

      Correct answer: to feel strong dislike
      to feel mild dislike
      to feel neutral

      Q3.
      Describing an opportunity as 'golden' implies...

      Correct answer: it's likely to be successful
      it's likely to be risky
      it's likely to be unsuccessful

      Q4.
      If something is 'sealed' then it is...

      Correct answer: inaccessible
      accessible
      attainable
      valuable

      Q5.
      When did the Romantic movement originate?

      Correct answer: late 18th century
      late 19th century
      late 20th century

      Q6.
      Describing someone as a 'leech' implies...

      Correct answer: they cling to others for personal gain
      they are charitable and give back to others
      they are well liked and beloved
      they are ambitious

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Monarchy is the system of...

      having an elected head of state
      Correct answer: having a King or Queen
      being run by the people

      Q2.
      An established organisation or corporation often used by the public is an...

      Correct Answer: institution, institute

      Q3.
      'Sanguine' can mean which of the following?

      Correct answer: optimistic
      pessimistic
      Correct answer: blood-red
      pale red

      Q4.
      The idea of the monarchy not "know[ing]" could imply which of the following in 'England in 1819'?

      Correct answer: They are unaware of the people's suffering.
      Correct answer: They cannot relate to the people's suffering.
      They are responsible for the people's suffering.

      Q5.
      The Peterloo Massacre began as a demonstration for..

      Correct answer: parliamentary reform
      abolition of the monarchy
      religious reform

      Q6.
      Shelley likely evokes the Peterloo Massacre in 'England in 1819' because...

      Correct answer: it showed abuse at the hands of those in power.
      it showed people rising up in revolutionary spirit.
      it showed the lack of empathy and charity from the Church.

      To help you plan your 10 English lesson on: Understanding how Shelley critiques powerful institutions in 'England in 1819', download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...