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      Considering and emulating the use of direct address in the opening of a speech

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can use direct address to structure the opening to a speech in a way that engages the audience.

      Key learning points

      1. A speech is different to other types of writing since it is designed to be delivered aloud.
      2. Speech writers should aim for a conversational tone that is clear, concise and engaging for the audience.
      3. Direct address can make the audience feel included in a speech and increase engagement.
      4. Personal pronouns help to forge a connection between the speaker and the audience.
      5. Effective speech openings begin by grabbing the audience’s attention and end by summarising why the issue is important.

      Keywords

      • Engaging - captivating and holding attention or interest

      • Direct address - speaking personally to another person or group of people, often by name, within a sentence

      • Personal pronouns - pronouns that refer to specific people or things (e.g., I, you, he, she)

      • Purpose - the reason or intention behind the creation of a text

      • Call to action - a prompt urging immediate response or engagement from the audience

      Common misconception

      A speech should be approached like any other written text.

      Speeches should be approached in a very different way to other types of written text as they are designed to be spoken aloud. Long sentences, for example, should avoided since they are difficult for audiences to follow when heard aloud.

      Teacher tip

      You may wish to support this lesson by showing students recordings of effective speeches. For example, Martin Luther King's 'I Have a Dream' speech begins with direct address.

      Equipment

      You may wish to use different coloured pens or highlighters for this lesson (when redrafting in Task B) but this is optional.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following are personal pronouns?

      Correct answer: you
      Jenny's
      Correct answer: hers

      Q2.
      What is the main purpose of the introduction in a speech?

      to summarise the entire speech
      Correct answer: to capture the audience's attention
      to provide detailed information
      to thank the audience

      Q3.
      Which of the following is a good way to conclude a speech?

      introducing new topics
      repeating the introduction
      Correct answer: summarising key points
      telling a random story

      Q4.
      What is an effective way to organise the main points in a speech?

      randomly
      Correct answer: chronologically or logically
      alphabetically
      by personal preference

      Q5.
      What is a good strategy to start writing a speech?

      write the conclusion first
      Correct answer: make an outline of main points
      memorise a famous speech
      ignore the audience

      Q6.
      Why is it important to know your audience when writing a speech?

      to use the same speech for different events
      Correct answer: so you can tailor your message/style to appeal to them
      to make the speech as short as possible
      so you can use visual aids

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is direct address?

      a narrative technique where the story is told by an all-knowing narrator
      Correct answer: speaking personally to another person or group of people, often by name
      providing detailed descriptions of locations in a speech or writing
      the use of statistics and data to support an argument in a speech

      Q2.
      How do speeches differ from other types of text?

      Correct answer: speeches are delivered aloud to listeners
      speeches don't use an introduction or conclusion
      Correct answer: speeches often use a more conversational tone
      grammar and sentence structure are less important with speeches

      Q3.
      The tone/style of an effective speech is...

      Correct answer: snappy
      formal
      Correct answer: engaging
      intelligent

      Q4.
      Which of these is an example direct address that you could use to begin a speech?

      I am here today to speak about a subject close to my heart.
      Correct answer: Ladies and gentlemen, we are running out of time.
      Keeping animals in captivity must end today.
      Trapped, depressed, anxious - this is how animals in captivity feel everyday.

      Q5.
      Using complex vocabulary in a speech can add detail and show your expertise but too much can...

      make you look like a know-it-all and disengage the audience.
      Correct answer: make it difficult for your audience to follow your argument.
      confuse young children who may be listening
      make it difficult for your to remember your speech

      Q6.
      Starting with the first, put these steps for writing an effective introduction in the correct order.

      1 - engage your audience and grab their attention
      2 - state your argument clearly
      3 - give brief reasons to support your argument
      4 - summarise why your listeners should care about this issue

      To help you plan your 10 English lesson on: Considering and emulating the use of direct address in the opening of a speech, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...