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      Natural resources and sustainability: focus on Africa

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can list some of Africa’s natural resources and describe some of the consequences of mining cobalt.

      Key learning points

      1. There are a range of landscapes, climates and biomes in Africa.
      2. Africa has a range of natural resources that are exported around the world.
      3. The mining and collection of Africa's natural resources is not always sustainable and ethical.

      Keywords

      • Natural resources - Natural resources are those that come from Earth without human influence and can be used for human needs.

      • Minerals - Minerals are chemical substances that are formed naturally and are found in the ground or in rocks.

      • Non-renewable - Non-renewable means something that cannot be replaced and will eventually run out.

      • Renewable - Renewable means that something can be re-used and will not be used up or run out.

      • Economy - The economy is the way money in a particular area is made and spent.

      Common misconception

      Pupils may not fully appreciate the wide range of landscapes, physical features and biomes in Africa.

      Spend some time exploring different countries and regions, including major cities and different types of biome.

      Teacher tip

      Discuss what other action learners could take on the issue of sustainability. For example, they could give an assembly to raise awareness or talk to the headteacher about using recycled or refurbished electronic devices.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which key lines of latitude run through Africa?

      Equator, Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle
      Correct answer: Equator, Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn
      Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn
      Equator only

      Q2.
      An example of a natural resource is ...

      copper
      wood
      water
      oil
      Correct answer: all of the above

      Q3.
      Which of these are countries in Africa?

      Correct answer: Nigeria
      Correct answer: Tanzania
      Italy
      Correct answer: Morocco

      Q4.
      Renewable means...

      something that will be used up and run out quickly
      Correct answer: something that can be re-used and will not run out
      something that is made by people over and over again

      Q5.
      Coal, oil and gas are examples of...

      Correct answer: non-renewable sources of energy
      Correct answer: natural resources
      physical features
      Correct answer: fossil fuels

      Q6.
      The way money is made and spent in a country is known as its...

      Correct answer: economy
      ecology
      ecosystem

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      The largest hot desert on the planet is...

      Correct answer: the Sahara
      the Gobi desert
      the Atacama desert

      Q2.
      Put these letters in order to spell the name of Africa's longest river.

      1 - N
      2 - I
      3 - L
      4 - E

      Q3.
      Doing things that will cause as little harm as possible to the environment and all living things is living...

      economically
      sensibly
      Correct answer: sustainably
      energetically

      Q4.
      Which African country is the source of more than 70% of the world’s cobalt?

      Botswana
      Mali
      Correct answer: Democratic Republic of Congo
      Tanzania

      Q5.
      Which industries are important in countries in Africa?

      Fishing
      Mining
      Agriculture
      Renewable energy
      Correct answer: All of the above

      Q6.
      Match two positive and two negative effects of mining cobalt in the DRC

      Correct Answer:It brings benefits such as,improving local road networks, building new schools and hospitals.
      Correct Answer:The mining industry ,provides jobs for many people in the DRC
      Correct Answer:Waste produced by cobalt mining,causes air, water and land pollution and harms the environment
      Correct Answer:Mines take up a lot of land ,leading to habitat loss for animals and plants

      To help you plan your 6 geography lesson on: Natural resources and sustainability: focus on Africa, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...