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      An introduction to natural hazards

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe different types of natural hazards and explain their impacts on people and property.

      Key learning points

      1. A natural hazard is a natural event that has the potential to cause damage, loss of life or economic disruption.
      2. There are several types of natural hazard, including landslides, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
      3. Natural hazards pose major risks to people and property.

      Keywords

      • Natural hazard - a natural event that has the potential to cause damage, loss of life or economic disruption

      • Natural disaster - when a natural hazard actually causes significant damage, harm or loss of life

      • Hazard risk - the likelihood that people or property will be harmed by a natural hazard

      Common misconception

      A natural hazard is the same thing as a natural disaster.

      A natural hazard is a potentially harmful event, a natural disaster is when a natural hazard event significantly affects humans.

      Teacher tip

      Using interactive maps, GIS data and animations (e.g. how tectonic plates move or how tropical storms develop) can help students get a clearer understanding of the processes involved.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following are examples of a natural hazard?

      a factory explosion
      Correct answer: an earthquake
      Correct answer: a volcanic eruption
      war

      Q2.
      Match the key words with the definition.

      Correct Answer:natural hazard,could cause damage, loss of life, economic disruption
      Correct Answer:natural disaster,when a natural hazard causes significant damage, harm or loss of life
      Correct Answer:hazard risk,the likelihood that people or property will be harmed

      Q3.
      What is the term used for a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, often caused by tectonic plate movements?

      hurricane
      tsunami
      tornado
      Correct answer: earthquake

      Q4.
      Match the categories of natural hazard with their definitions.

      Correct Answer:tectonic hazards,caused by movements of Earth’s crust and mantle
      Correct Answer:atmospheric hazards,related to weather and climate patterns
      Correct Answer:hydrological hazards,involve the movement and distribution of water
      Correct Answer:geomorphological hazards,involve surface processes on Earth’s surface

      Q5.
      What are some of the risks facing countries that are vulnerable to natural hazards?

      Correct answer: deaths and injuries
      Correct answer: damage to property and infrastructure
      economic gain
      increased tourism
      Correct answer: displacement and homelessness

      Q6.
      A powerful earthquake that takes place in a densely-populated city is likely to cause a natural .

      Correct Answer: disaster

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following factors can increase the risk of a natural hazard becoming a natural disaster?

      Correct answer: high population density
      stronger building regulations
      lower temperatures
      lack of rainfall

      Q2.
      What is a natural hazard?

      A human-made event that causes harm to people and the environment.
      Correct answer: A natural event that could cause damage, loss of life, or economic disruption.
      A type of weather event that does not affect human populations.
      An event that always results in damage to property.

      Q3.
      What does the term 'hazard risk' refer to?

      The amount of damage a natural disaster causes to a country's economy.
      Correct answer: The likelihood that people or property will be harmed by a natural hazard.
      The study of different types of natural hazards around the world.
      The prevention strategies for dealing with natural disasters.

      Q4.
      A hurricane hitting a densely populated coastal city is an example of a natural hazard with a high hazard .

      Correct Answer: risk

      To help you plan your 10 geography lesson on: An introduction to natural hazards, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...