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      Factors affecting hazard risk

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain that several factors affect hazard risk.

      Key learning points

      1. Hazard risk is the likelihood of being affected by a natural event.
      2. Physical factors affect risk, such as climate change.
      3. Human factors affect risk, including poverty, urbanisation and climate change.

      Keywords

      • Hazard risk - the likelihood that people or property will be harmed by a natural hazard

      • Natural hazard - a natural event that has the potential to cause damage, loss of life or economic disruption

      Common misconception

      The bigger the hazard event is, the higher the hazard risk will be.

      The size of the hazard event is not the only factor that affects hazard risk. For example, a higher income country may have a lower hazard risk for a magnitude 6.5 earthquake than a lower income country, even though the earthquakes have equal power.

      Teacher tip

      The UN's INFORM risk assessment tool is used in this lesson. The map explorer tool is a good way of exploring the concept of hazard risk and the factors that affect it.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      A natural is a natural event that has the potential to cause damage, loss of life or economic disruption.

      Correct Answer: hazard

      Q2.
      Which of the following are examples of natural hazards?

      Correct answer: earthquakes
      smog
      Correct answer: volcanic eruptions
      overfishing
      Correct answer: landslides

      Q3.
      __________ is the likelihood that people or property will be harmed by a natural hazard.

      Correct answer: Hazard risk
      Natural disaster
      Globalisation

      Q4.
      What term is used for a very powerful low-pressure weather system with strong winds and heavy rainfall that can be disruptive and dangerous?

      Correct answer: tropical storm
      earthquake
      landslide
      drought

      Q5.
      Match the hazard to its type.

      Correct Answer:geological hazard,earthquakes

      earthquakes

      Correct Answer:hydrological hazard,flooding

      flooding

      Correct Answer:atmospheric hazard,tornadoes

      tornadoes

      Q6.
      A powerful earthquake that occurs in a densely-populated city is likely to cause a natural .

      Correct Answer: disaster

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      is the likelihood that people or property will be harmed by a natural hazard.

      Correct Answer: Hazard risk

      Q2.
      What physical factors affect hazard risk?

      Correct Answer:magnitude,how powerful a natural hazard is

      how powerful a natural hazard is

      Correct Answer:frequency,how often a natural hazard occurs

      how often a natural hazard occurs

      Correct Answer:geographical position,the place where something occurs

      the place where something occurs

      Correct Answer:physical geography,natural features such as relief, climate, landforms, soil type

      natural features such as relief, climate, landforms, soil type

      Q3.
      Human factors can have a significant impact on hazard risk...

      1 - An earthquake in an uninhabited location
      2 - has no hazard risk.
      3 - An earthquake in a densely-populated city
      4 - has a very high hazard risk.

      Q4.
      What makes communities more vulnerable to natural hazards?

      economic development
      level of inequality
      economic dependency
      vulnerable groups, such as displaced people
      Correct answer: all of the above

      To help you plan your 10 geography lesson on: Factors affecting hazard risk, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...