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      The growth of trade, construction and writing in Mesopotamia

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how farming in Mesopotamia led to the growth of trade, writing and building.

      Key learning points

      1. Mesopotamian civilisations like the Sumerians were able to trade their extra food with people who lived far away.
      2. Archaeologists think that as these civilisations traded more they needed a way of recording what was being traded.
      3. They began to write down and count what they were giving and receiving in a special writing called cuneiform.
      4. Because their farming was productive, they could stay in one place, and so they built cities with large stone buildings.
      5. Some of the biggest of these stone buildings were called ziggurats, which were large, stepped religious buildings.

      Keywords

      • Trade - people trade by buying or selling items they need or want

      • Record - people write or draw to record ideas, events and memories

      • Cuneiform - a type of ancient writing invented in Sumer was called cuneiform

      • Ziggurat - a ziggurat is a large religious building made from stone during Mesopotamian civilisations

      Common misconception

      Writing is only created with pens or pencils.

      Discuss different forms of writing such as print on a poster, graffiti, and lettering on clothing.

      Teacher tip

      Use modelling clay or salt dough and practise cuneiform writing by pressing a wedge to make the marks.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What do farmers grow?

      rivers
      cities
      Correct answer: crops
      houses

      Q2.
      Match the starter sentences to the word to complete each sentence.

      Correct Answer:Sumer was an ancient,civilisation.

      civilisation.

      Correct Answer:Sumer was in,Mesopotamia.

      Mesopotamia.

      Correct Answer:Sumerians were excellent,farmers.

      farmers.

      Q3.
      Mesopotamia means 'the land between two ...'

      Correct Answer: rivers, Rivers, river

      Q4.
      Which two rivers was Mesopotamia between?

      Correct answer: Tigris
      Mesopotamia
      Sumer
      Correct answer: Euphrates

      Q5.
      Why was farming successful in Mesopotamia?

      Correct answer: The land was fertile between the two rivers
      There were more people to grow food
      Correct answer: The farmers learned to control the water
      The farmers relied on the flood waters

      Q6.
      Successful farmers grew more than they needed.

      Correct Answer: food, crops, food to eat

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the keywords to the definitions.

      Correct Answer:trade,when people buy or sell items they need and want

      when people buy or sell items they need and want

      Correct Answer:record,to write or draw ideas, events and memories

      to write or draw ideas, events and memories

      Correct Answer:cuneiform,an ancient form of writing

      an ancient form of writing

      Correct Answer:ziggurat,a large ancient religious stone building

      a large ancient religious stone building

      Q2.
      What were some effects of successful farming?

      less food
      Correct answer: trade
      Correct answer: inventions
      Correct answer: building
      hunger

      Q3.
      Writing was first invented to record how much was ...

      Correct Answer: traded, trade, Traded

      Q4.
      Cuneiform writing was made on tablets using a stylus.

      Correct Answer: clay, Clay

      Q5.
      Which of these were ancient cities in Mesopotamia?

      Sumer
      Correct answer: Ur
      London
      Correct answer: Uruk

      Q6.
      Choose the words that describe a ziggurat.

      surplus
      Correct answer: religious
      Correct answer: tiers
      Correct answer: stone
      river

      To help you plan your 3 history lesson on: The growth of trade, construction and writing in Mesopotamia, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...