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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe the early Christian kingdom of Aksum and how historians have learnt about it.

      Key learning points

      1. Christian Churches did not just emerge in the Western Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire.
      2. In Aksum, an important trading kingdom near the Red Sea, Christianity became the dominant religion in the 4th century.
      3. Sources such as coins, Ezana's stela and the Ezana Stone, suggest that this took place during the rule of King Ezana.
      4. In Ethiopia today, many Aksumite churches have been found carved into rocky mountainsides.
      5. Inside these churches the walls are covered with beautiful paintings of Christian stories.

      Keywords

      • Trade - people trade by buying or selling items they need or want

      • Missionary - a missionary is a religious person who is sent to other places to tell others about that religion

      Common misconception

      Christianity is a Western religion.

      Christianity originated in the Middle East and quickly spread across various regions, including Africa.

      Teacher tip

      For learning cycle 3, explore creating art in a cave by sticking paper to the underside of children's desks and asking them to recreate the art of the Aksumite rock-cut churches.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Christianity started in in the Middle East.

      Rome
      Constantinople
      Correct answer: Judea
      Athens

      Q2.
      Match the word to the description of the treatment of early Christians.

      Correct Answer:persecution,treated badly and unfairly because of their Christian faith

      treated badly and unfairly because of their Christian faith

      Correct Answer:scapegoats, Christians were blamed for others' mistakes and wrongdoings

      Christians were blamed for others' mistakes and wrongdoings

      Correct Answer:martyr,person who died or suffered rather than give up their Christian belief

      person who died or suffered rather than give up their Christian belief

      Q3.
      Match the emperor to the statement that describes them best.

      Correct Answer:Constantine,first Christian emperor

      first Christian emperor

      Correct Answer:Diocletian,persecuted Christians

      persecuted Christians

      Correct Answer:Justinian,created a code of law and ordered his people to be Christian

      created a code of law and ordered his people to be Christian

      Q4.
      The bishop of Rome, also known as the , was believed to have supremacy over the Christian Church as a whole.

      Correct Answer: pope, Pope

      Q5.
      In the Byzantine Empire, the Church developed.

      Roman Catholic
      Correct answer: Eastern Orthodox
      Latin Catholic
      Western Orthodox

      Q6.
      The Byzantines considered themselves to be and .

      Greek
      Correct answer: Roman
      Muslims
      Correct answer: Christians

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Complete the sentence. A religious person who is sent to tell others about that religion is called a .

      Correct Answer: missionary, misionary, missionery

      Q2.
      True or false: Christianity stayed in the Roman Empire.

      True
      Correct answer: False

      Q3.
      Where was the Kingdom of Askum located?

      In present-day Greece
      In present-day Italy
      Correct answer: In present-day Ethiopia
      In present-day India

      Q4.
      In what century is it believed that the missionary Frumentius arrived in Askum to spread Christianity there?

      3rd century
      Correct answer: 4th century
      5th century
      6th century

      Q5.
      Which of these archaeological sources tell the story of King Ezana's conversion to Christianity?

      Aksumite coins
      King Ezana’s stele
      Correct answer: the Ezana stone

      Q6.
      What evidence shows us that Christianity continued in Askum after King Ezana's reign?

      Correct answer: churches carved into mountains
      excavated Christian artefacts
      ruins of a large church in the city centre
      scrolls found in caves

      To help you plan your 4 history lesson on: The Christian Church in Aksum, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...