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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how the feudal system helped William control his kingdom.

      Key learning points

      1. The strict conditions for holding land from the king became known as the feudal system.
      2. The feudal system made landholding less secure than it had been under Anglo-Saxon kings.
      3. A key relationship in the feudal system was between a vassal and their overlord.
      4. Holding land came with obligations such as paying homage, providing knight service or labour service.
      5. The feudal system increased William’s power and control over England.

      Keywords

      • Feudal - feudal refers to a hierarchical social system where people receive land to live and work on from those higher than them, and in return have to work and fight for them

      • Homage - paying homage was to publicly submit and swear an oath of fealty (loyalty) to someone above you in the feudal system

      • Overlord - an overlord in the feudal system was someone who granted land in return for service

      • Vassal - a vassal in the feudal system was someone who provided a service (e.g. labour) to an overlord in return for land

      • Fief - a fief was a parcel of land given by an overlord to a vassal in return for their service to their overlord

      Common misconception

      Paying homage, swearing allegiance, or making promises were weak obligations.

      In fact, these promises are with the king and God. It was unlikely you would break a public and spiritual promise like this; it would not have been good for your reputation or your soul!

      Teacher tip

      Model the feudal system within your school. Who is who in the hierarchy, what service is owed by each level of the hierarchy and what is given in return? How much opportunity is there for the lowest level of the hierarchy to rise up a level?

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      In what month and year was William crowned king of England?

      January 1066
      Correct answer: December 1066
      January 1068
      December 1068

      Q2.
      Which of these Anglo-Saxon earls were also earls in Norman England?

      Correct answer: Edwin
      Leofwine
      Correct answer: Morcar
      Tostig
      Correct answer: Waltheof

      Q3.
      Who did William make Earl of Kent and then the first Marcher earl of Hereford?

      Eustace aux Grenons
      Odo of Bayeux
      Roger de Breteuil
      Correct answer: William fitzOsbern

      Q4.
      The term means someone appointed to govern a country while the monarch is away or too ill to govern.

      Correct Answer: regent, Regent

      Q5.
      Which tenant-in-chief and regent of England fell out of favour with William for trying to make himself Pope and ended up in prison until William I's death?

      Correct Answer: Odo of Bayeux, Odo, Bishop Odo, bishop Odo, Odo Bayeux

      Q6.
      Which of these key individuals helped defeat the Revolt of the Earls before it became a threat to William's rule of England?

      Correct answer: Lanfranc
      Matilda of Flanders
      Correct answer: Odo of Bayeux
      William fitzOsbern

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of these definitions is the best for the term 'continuity'?

      gradual change
      rapid change
      becoming more significant
      Correct answer: staying the same

      Q2.
      Which of these key terms refers specifically to a parcel of land which carried obligations for the landholder?

      feudal
      Correct answer: fief
      homage
      overlord
      vassal

      Q3.
      Which of these continued largely unchanged between Anglo-Saxon society and society in Norman England?

      the amount of social mobility
      the ability of some landholders to buy and sell their land freely
      Correct answer: the monarch's ability to grant land to reward their followers
      the security of landholding
      Correct answer: the importance of the Church as a major landholder

      Q4.
      Which of these positions in the Norman feudal hierarchy describes a type of peasant?

      heir
      fief
      knight
      vassal
      Correct answer: villein

      Q5.
      The right of an overlord to take land away from disloyal tenants was known as .

      Correct Answer: forfeiture, Forfeiture, forfeit

      Q6.
      In which of these ways did the feudal system increase loyalty to William?

      Correct answer: forfeiture gave him the power to punish those who disobeyed him
      Correct answer: homage involved an oath to 'be William's man'
      knight service meant William was provided with well-equipped troops
      labour service provided food for those who did not farm for themselves
      Correct answer: landownership by the king meant William could grant land as a reward

      To help you plan your 10 history lesson on: The Norman feudal system, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...