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      Durham Cathedral: structuring your answer to the historic environment question

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can understand ways to approach the 16-mark historic environment question.

      Key learning points

      1. The question will ask about either change, continuity, cause or consequence.
      2. Arguments about change, continuity, cause or consequence should be backed up with relevant evidence.
      3. The question will provide one factor to consider, to which you should add two more alternatives.
      4. Planning your answer helps to achieve a sustained judgement.
      5. It is always important to use specific knowledge about your historic environment in your answer.

      Keywords

      • Second order concepts - ways in which questions about history are shaped

      • Continuity - when something continues without changing

      • Causation - why something happens, what its causes are

      • Consequence - the results or impacts of something

      Common misconception

      Students commonly do not provide enough detail from their historic environment in their answers.

      Students should back up their analysis of the question with specific facts and details from their historic environment.

      Teacher tip

      To help students understand how the historic environment question works, give them the task of coming up with historic environment questions of their own, which they could then swap with a partner and answer.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      A direct or first-hand piece of evidence from the past is known as a source.

      Correct answer: contemporary
      old-fashioned
      modern
      complimentary

      Q2.
      What are two limitations of Domesday Book as a historical source for Norman England?

      Correct answer: It does not cover all regions of England.
      It contains data about the population of England at the time.
      Correct answer: The records are difficult to interpret.
      It shows the impact of the Norman Conquest on England.

      Q3.
      The most famous visual source for Norman England is ...

      Correct Answer: the Bayeux Tapestry, Bayeux Tapestry

      Q4.
      Which Norman priest wrote 'Gesta Guillelmi’ in the 1070s?

      William de Warenne
      William of Normandy
      Correct answer: William of Poitiers
      William II of Normandy

      Q5.
      A limitation of 'the Gesta' is it is - it does not consider the English perspective on the invasion at all.

      Correct Answer: one-sided, biased, unfair, limited

      Q6.
      Material Norman sources such as castles and cathedrals are often built in the architectural style, which looked back to the architecture of ancient Rome.

      Correct Answer: Romanesque

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the term to the correct definition.

      Correct Answer:second order concepts,ways in which questions about history are shaped

      ways in which questions about history are shaped

      Correct Answer:continuity,when something continues without changing

      when something continues without changing

      Correct Answer:causation,why something happens, what its causes are

      why something happens, what its causes are

      Correct Answer:consequence,the results or impacts of something

      the results or impacts of something

      Q2.
      To be convincing, historians need to use to back up their claims.

      Correct Answer: evidence, sources, facts

      Q3.
      When discussing a historical topic, what type of argument do historians use if they disagree with another historian’s interpretation?

      traditional
      Correct answer: alternative
      unconventional
      safe

      Q4.
      In the 16-mark historical environment question, which of the following will you be asked to use in your answer?

      the views of historians
      Correct answer: contextual knowledge
      inference from sources provided in a separate booklet
      the views of your teacher

      Q5.
      At the end of the 16-mark question, you need to remember to make an overall ...

      Correct Answer: judgement, conclusion

      Q6.
      The best answers will the judgement throughout the 16-mark answer, which means keep it going throughout your answer.

      Correct Answer: sustain, maintain

      To help you plan your 10 history lesson on: Durham Cathedral: structuring your answer to the historic environment question, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...