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      White Tower - historical context themes

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can recall and apply key themes from the historical context of Norman England.

      Key learning points

      1. There are three key topics making up the historical context of Norman England.
      2. 'Norman conquest and control' covers causes of the conquest, military aspects and establishing and maintaining control.
      3. 'Life under the Normans' covers feudalism and government and economic and social changes and their consequences.
      4. 'The Norman Church and monasticism' covers the Church and monasticism.

      Keywords

      • Inheritance - receiving property or other items from a parent or other after their death

      • Patronage - the support that an overlord provided to their vassal in return for homage

      • Romanesque - an architectural style inspired by the buildings of ancient Rome

      • Investiture - the ability to choose and appoint bishops and abbots

      • Vernacular - the language spoken by ordinary people in a region or country

      Common misconception

      The Anglo-Saxon Church was old-fashioned and corrupt.

      The Normans were keen to present the Anglo-Saxon Church that way, but Edward the Confessor had kept up with reforms from the rest of Europe.

      Teacher tip

      This lesson is designed to be used as a way of making links between this year's historic environment and the historical context themes of the AQA course.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which word describes the long central part of a church, often with aisles on both sides?

      Correct Answer: nave

      Q2.
      Which word describes a building for Christian worship?

      Correct Answer: church

      Q3.
      Which of the following statements show William I intended to use St John's Chapel as a place of private worship?

      Correct answer: Ordinary people who worked in the White Tower did not use the chapel.
      There was space in the chapel for larger, public acts of worship.
      Correct answer: William planned to have a throne placed at the western end of the chapel.
      The apse of the chapel is visible from the exterior of the White Tower.

      Q4.
      Which of the following are examples of the Romanesque features of St John’s Chapel?

      Correct answer: huge columns
      pointed arches
      Correct answer: series of rounded arches
      Correct answer: narrow and high windows
      Correct answer: lack of elaborate decoration

      Q5.
      Why were the windows in the Chapel of St John the Evangelist designed to be narrow and high?

      To allow more light into the chapel
      To create a sense of openness and space
      Correct answer: As a defensive measure
      To improve the acoustics

      Q6.
      Why was St John's Chapel positioned on the southeastern corner of the White Tower?

      To provide the best view of the surrounding landscape
      To create a larger interior space for royal gatherings
      To shield the chapel from potential enemy attacks
      Correct answer: To align with the rising sun, symbolising Christ’s resurrection

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the word to the correct definition.

      Correct Answer:patronage,support that an overlord provided to their vassal in return for homage

      support that an overlord provided to their vassal in return for homage

      Correct Answer:investiture,the ability to choose and appoint bishops and abbots

      the ability to choose and appoint bishops and abbots

      Correct Answer:inheritance,receiving property or other items from a relative after their death

      receiving property or other items from a relative after their death

      Q2.
      Which word describes an architectural style inspired by the buildings of ancient Rome?

      Correct Answer: Romanesque

      Q3.
      Which three topics does 'Norman conquest and control' cover?

      Correct answer: causes of the conquest
      feudalism and government
      Correct answer: military aspects
      monasticism
      Correct answer: maintaining control

      Q4.
      Which topics does 'Life under the Normans' cover?

      Correct answer: economic and social changes and their consequences
      the Church
      Correct answer: feudalism and government
      military aspects
      monasticism

      Q5.
      Which two of the following are not military aspects of Norman England?

      Anglo-Saxon and Norman tactics
      Correct answer: the Harrying of the North
      Correct answer: the inheritance of William II
      cavalry and castles

      Q6.
      Which of the following relate to the Church of Norman England?

      Latin usage and the vernacular
      Correct answer: Archbishop Lanfranc and reform of the English Church
      Correct answer: the Investiture Controversy
      the building of abbeys and monasteries

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