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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain the causes, events and consequences of the construction of the Berlin Wall.

      Key learning points

      1. East Germany suffered from a 'brain drain'.
      2. Khrushchev produced the Berlin Ultimatum in 1958.
      3. The USSR constructed the Berlin Wall in 1961.
      4. The USA did not attempt to block the construction of the Berlin Wall.
      5. The USA used the Berlin Wall as a symbol in its propaganda.

      Keywords

      • Refugee - someone who has been forced to leave their home country because of war, persecution, natural disaster, or violence, and seeks safety in another country

      • Propaganda - information, especially of a biased nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view

      • Espionage - acts related to spying

      • Ultimatum - a demand that if rejected will bring about an end of peaceful talks and could lead to forceful action

      • Unilaterally - a way of acting or making important decisions alone and without waiting for others to agree

      Common misconception

      The USA fought to prevent the construction of the Berlin Wall.

      The USA believed that the construction of the wall meant they would no longer be threatened in West Berlin and used it as a valuable propaganda symbol.

      Teacher tip

      Ask students: who benefitted most from the construction of the Berlin Wall? You may push students to consider the relative importance of Berlin to each superpower (i.e. whose sphere of influence was it in?) and aims prior to the construction of the wall to help make their judgements.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      is information, especially of a biased nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view.

      Correct Answer: Propaganda, propaganda

      Q2.
      Which of the following countries was communist?

      France
      UK
      USA
      Correct answer: USSR

      Q3.
      Other than the Soviet Union, whcich other country was considered a superpower during the Cold War?

      France
      Germany
      UK
      Correct answer: USA

      Q4.
      Which country was divided and occupied at the end of WW2?

      Britain
      France
      Correct answer: Germany
      Italy
      Spain

      Q5.
      Which city was blockaded by the USSR from 1948-49?

      Correct answer: Berlin
      Budapest
      Prague
      Vienna

      Q6.
      Starting with the earliest, sort the following into chronological order.

      1 - Potsdam Conference
      2 - Berlin Blockade
      3 - East and West Germany formed
      4 - West Germany joined NATO
      5 - U-2 Crisis

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      A person has acted if they make a decision by themselves without trying to gain other people's approval first.

      Correct Answer: unilaterally, Unilaterally

      Q2.
      Germany suffered from a refugee problem and 'brain drain' during the 1950s.

      Correct Answer: East, east

      Q3.
      Which country took the decision to construct the Berlin Wall?

      East Germany
      West Germany
      USA
      Correct answer: USSR

      Q4.
      In October 1961, there was an armed standoff between US and Soviet tanks in Berlin at Checkpoint .

      Correct Answer: Charlie, charlie

      Q5.
      Which statement is most accurate?

      The USA supported the construction of the Berlin Wall.
      The USA fought to block the construction of the Berlin Wall.
      Correct answer: The USA criticised but accepted the construction of the Berlin Wall.

      Q6.
      Starting with the earliest, sort the following events into chronological order.

      1 - East and West German states founded
      2 - 3 million East Germans fled to the West
      3 - Khrushchev issued his Berlin Ultimatum
      4 - Summit meetings failed to deliver a diplomatic agreement over Berlin's future
      5 - USSR built the Berlin Wall

      To help you plan your 11 history lesson on: Construction of the Berlin Wall, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...