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      Performing a samba in 12/8

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can perform a samba in 12/8 and switch rhythms from the break to the main groove.

      Key learning points

      1. Although samba is commonly in 4/4 it can also be performed in a 12/8 groove.
      2. 12/8 has four groups of three quavers, giving a lilting feel. Beats divided into three create compound time.
      3. Samba drums have a range of timbres depending on how they are played, including playing on the rim or muting the sound.
      4. Players can also use drum techniques such as flams.
      5. We have performed a main groove for a 12/8 samba funk, including a break that uses a crescendo to build the excitement.

      Keywords

      • 12/8 - a compound time signature with twelve quavers in a bar; these quavers are in four groups of three

      • Compound time - when each beat of the bar is divided into three quavers rather than two (simple time)

      • Quaver - a note that lasts for half of a beat, also referred to as an 8th

      • Flam - where the drummer plays both hands together, one just slightly before the main, louder note

      • Crescendo - a gradual increase in loudness

      Common misconception

      All parts in a rhythmic samba polyrhythm should include complex syncopation.

      All music needs space. Having some simple rhythms with more complex ones is a better balance in the music. A simple underlying beat such as the surdo playing on each beat of the bar is a good starting point for building a polyrhythm.

      Teacher tip

      The lesson tasks could be done as a whole class. Some of the rhythms and breaks are delberately advanced. Support pupils with choosing the most appropriate part and simplify the rhythms and structure as needed. Take time to practise fluency in rhythmic changes so they become comfortable for pupils.

      Equipment

      Samba drums and percussion can be replaced with other unpitched percussion to replicate the instruments by pitch (high or low) such as bass and snare drums, congas, frame drums, djembes etc.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the elements of music with their correct meaning.

      Correct Answer:tempo,the speed of the music
      Correct Answer:dynamics,the volume of the music
      Correct Answer:timbre,the sound of the instrument

      Q2.
      A crescendo is when the music ...

      gets gradually softer
      Correct answer: gets gradually louder
      gets suddenly softer
      gets suddenly louder

      Q3.
      Many different rhythms that fit together create a .

      Correct Answer: polyrhythm

      Q4.
      A short, distinct rhythm that interrupts the main groove is called a .

      Correct Answer: break, Break

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      What is a crescendo?

      Correct answer: where the music gets louder
      where the music gets quieter
      where the music gets faster
      where the music gets slower

      Q2.
      Striking a drum in the middle, towards the edge or on the rim, slightly changes the ...

      Correct answer: timbre
      tempo
      texture
      dynamics

      Q3.
      What is a flam (represented by ‘F’ in the notation)?

      the notes are played louder
      play two drums at the same time
      play two hands on the drum at exactly the same time
      Correct answer: Play two hands almost at the same time, but the second note is louder

      Q4.
      A semiquaver is a note that lasts for a __________ of a beat.

      Correct answer: quarter
      third
      half

      To help you plan your 9 music lesson on: Performing a samba in 12/8, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...