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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe differences between rocks and minerals.

      Key learning points

      1. Rocks consist of minerals and rock fragments.
      2. A mineral is a naturally occurring pure substance (an element or a compound) that has a crystal structure.
      3. Minerals are identified by their crystal structure, composition, and physical properties.

      Keywords

      • Mineral - A mineral is an element or compound with a crystal–like structure. They are the 'building blocks' of rocks.

      • Crystalline - Crystalline describes a rock composed of interlocking crystals. It is ‘crystal–like’.

      • Rock - A rock is a solid substance, which is a mixture of minerals. It composes any solid portion of Earth.

      Common misconception

      Pupils generally confuse the distinctions between a rock and a mineral.

      Stress and reinforce the definitions of each. Use examples of each and practice classifying them as a mineral or rock.

      Teacher tip

      Provide samples of minerals / rocks for pupils to examine with a hand lens, to stress that minerals are pure substances while rocks are mixtures. Challenge pupils to identify the number of minerals in rocks found at school or at home.

      Equipment

      Mineral and rock samples, hand lenses.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following are states of matter?

      air
      Correct answer: liquid
      water
      Correct answer: solid
      Correct answer: gas

      Q2.
      Which of the following is an element?

      water
      carbon dioxide
      Correct answer: oxygen
      table salt

      Q3.
      What is the difference between an element and a compound?

      Correct answer: Elements are made of one type of atom, compounds are made of two or more types.
      Compounds are made of one type of atom, elements are made of two or more types.
      Elements are always gases, compounds are always solids.
      Correct answer: Compounds can be broken down chemically, elements cannot.

      Q4.
      Which of the following materials are suitable for building a house?

      Correct answer: wood
      Correct answer: metal
      paper
      Correct answer: brick

      Q5.
      What are soils made from?

      Correct answer: rock
      Correct answer: organic matter
      metals
      plastic

      Q6.
      Examples of properties include hardness, colour, density, and melting point. Flammability is a chemical property.

      Correct Answer: physical

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is a mineral?

      A rock composed of organic matter.
      Correct answer: A naturally occurring pure substance with a crystal structure.
      A mixture of minerals.
      An element or compound found only in rocks.
      A substance formed from fossilised plants.

      Q2.
      What are rocks made of?

      Correct answer: minerals
      Correct answer: organic matter
      gases
      Correct answer: rock fragments
      water

      Q3.
      Which of the following statements about rocks are correct?

      Correct answer: Rocks are mixtures of minerals or organic matter.
      Rocks can only be composed of a single mineral.
      Correct answer: Rocks form part of Earth's solid surface.
      Rocks are always made from organic matter.
      Correct answer: Rocks can contain fossils and shells.

      Q4.
      Which of the following characteristics are used to identify different minerals?

      colour
      Correct answer: crystal structure
      smell
      Correct answer: composition
      Correct answer: physical properties

      Q5.
      What is the primary difference between a mineral and a rock?

      Minerals are synthetic, rocks are natural.
      Minerals have a crystal structure, rocks do not.
      Correct answer: Minerals are pure substances, rocks are mixtures.
      Minerals are larger than rocks.
      Rocks contain no minerals.

      Q6.
      Crystalline describes a substance composed of interlocking .

      Correct Answer: crystals

      To help you plan your 8 science lesson on: Rocks and minerals, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...