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      Puberty in humans and sexual maturity

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe the changes that take place in human females and males during puberty and why these changes are necessary.

      Key learning points

      1. During puberty in humans, the male and female bodies undergo changes.
      2. The reproductive systems mature to enable adult humans to reproduce.
      3. Other changes also prepare the body for reproduction.
      4. The changes happen because of sex hormones being produced.
      5. Females and males undergo some common changes but also changes that are specific to each sex.

      Keywords

      • Puberty - Puberty is a name for the physical and psychological changes that take place when a child becomes an adult.

      • Hormones - Hormones are the chemical messengers released by, and transported around, the body.

      • Reproduction - Reproduction is the process of producing offspring.

      Common misconception

      Puberty happens overnight.

      A clear slide with a guide to timings of puberty stating that it takes place over several years.

      Teacher tip

      Ask pupils what changes they think the human body undergoes during puberty, to initiate a class discussion.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of nudity

      Depiction or discussion of sexual content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is stored in the nucleus of a cell?

      Correct Answer: DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid

      Q2.
      True or false? Humans reproduce by asexual reproduction.

      true
      Correct answer: false

      Q3.
      How do humans grow?

      Correct answer: cells divide to create more cells
      the cells we are born with get bigger

      Q4.
      What does reproduction produce?

      Correct Answer: Offspring, zygote, offspring

      Q5.
      What is produced when a sperm fertilises an egg?

      fetus
      Correct answer: zygote
      seed
      baby

      Q6.
      Who is correct?

      Correct answer: Alex: You can't reproduce until your body has undergone some changes (puberty).
      Andeep: Anyone can reproduce, we don't need to change, just get bigger.
      Laura: Puberty is something only girls can choose to go through.
      Izzy: Puberty is something only women go through because they can have babies.

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the keyword to the definition.

      Correct Answer:puberty,the changes that boys and girls go through to become adults
      Correct Answer:adolescence,the period of the lifecycle between child and adult
      Correct Answer:reproduction,the process that makes offspring

      Q2.
      Choose the name of the substance that controls puberty.

      DNA
      blood
      sperm
      Correct answer: hormone

      Q3.
      Match the changes in reproductive system to a boy or a girl.

      Correct Answer:boy,sperm production
      Correct Answer:girl,eggs released

      Q4.
      Choose the physical change that is not associated with puberty.

      wider hips
      wider shoulders
      Correct answer: brain development
      deeper voice

      Q5.
      Choose the two glands that release the sex hormones.

      Correct answer: testes
      thyroid
      pancreas
      Correct answer: ovaries

      Q6.
      Which organs would you find in the female human reproductive system?

      Testes
      Kidneys
      Correct answer: Ovaries
      Lungs

      To help you plan your 8 science lesson on: Puberty in humans and sexual maturity, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...