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      Deforming manufacturing processes

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can identify deforming manufacturing methods suitable for specific materials.

      Key learning points

      1. Deforming materials changes the shape and not the state.
      2. Timber veneer can be deformed by laminating.
      3. Vacuum forming is a deforming process for polymers.

      Keywords

      • State - the form of matter; gas, liquid or solid

      • Malleable - can be pressed into shape without breaking, usually in reference to metals

      • Brittle - breaks or fractures easily without deforming or stretching

      • Laminating - sticking several layers of material together

      • Plasticity - can be pressed into shape without breaking, usually in reference to polymers

      Common misconception

      Laminating is when paper or card are covered in clear polymer.

      Laminating means sticking several layers of material together, the clear polymer coated paper or card process is encapsulation.

      Teacher tip

      This lesson is a great opportunity for students to get involved in practical tasks. Laminating and vacuum forming both require moulds which you could prepare in advance.

      Equipment

      PVA, Veneer, Moulds, HIPS, Vacuum former

      Content guidance

      Risk assessment required - equipment

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the type of manufacturing process to the definition.

      Correct Answer:deforming,changing the shape, but not the state

      changing the shape, but not the state

      Correct Answer:reforming,changing the shape and the state

      changing the shape and the state

      Correct Answer:wasting,removing material

      removing material

      Correct Answer:fabricating,joining materials

      joining materials

      Q2.
      What type of material is a wool jumper made from? Choose all that apply.

      Correct answer: natural
      synthetic
      finite
      Correct answer: renewable

      Q3.
      Which of theses materials are from finite resources?

      Correct answer: High impact polystyrene sheet (HIPS)
      Correct answer: Mild steel
      Paper
      Cotton

      Q4.
      Match the material property to the correct definition.

      Correct Answer:bending strength,ability to resist flexing forces

      ability to resist flexing forces

      Correct Answer:torsional strength,ability to resist twisting forces

      ability to resist twisting forces

      Correct Answer:compressive strength,ability to resist pushing forces

      ability to resist pushing forces

      Q5.
      Insert the missing word: 'sustainable is 'using wisely so that they do not run out.'

      Correct Answer: resources, materials

      Q6.
      Recycle means ...

      Correct answer: to convert waste into reusable materials
      to cut up
      to reduce the size
      to reuse for another purpose

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following are material states?

      Correct answer: Solid
      Ice
      Correct answer: Liquid
      Correct answer: Gas
      Vapour

      Q2.
      Match the material properties to the definitions.

      Correct Answer:Malleability,Can be pressed into shape without breaking; usually refers to metals.

      Can be pressed into shape without breaking; usually refers to metals.

      Correct Answer:Ductility,Can be drawn into a wire; usually refers to metals.

      Can be drawn into a wire; usually refers to metals.

      Correct Answer:Bending strength,Resists flexing forces.

      Resists flexing forces.

      Correct Answer:Brittle,Breaks or shatters easily.

      Breaks or shatters easily.

      Q3.
      What is the grain on timber?

      Correct answer: lines on timber
      marks from sawing
      Correct answer: patterns on timber
      Correct answer: timber fibres

      Q4.
      Order the stages of laminating veneer.

      1 - prepare the veneer
      2 - gather the two part mould, PVA glue and a G clamp
      3 - add pva glue to one side of each piece of veneer
      4 - clamp the veneer in the mould or place in a vice
      5 - wait for the PVA to dry
      6 - remove clamp and take the deformed veneer out of the mould

      Q5.
      Which features are necessary for a successful former, for use in vacuum forming?

      Sharp corners
      Complex curves with undercuts
      Correct answer: Tapered sides
      Correct answer: Smooth surfaces
      Correct answer: Hollow shapes

      Q6.
      What is the main purpose of using vacuum forming in manufacturing?

      To create 3D models from clay
      Correct answer: To shape heated polymer (plastic) into moulds
      To polish metal surfaces
      To cut materials into precise shapes

      To help you plan your 7 design and technology lesson on: Deforming manufacturing processes, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...