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      Recognising the different sounds made by the letter strings 'ough' and 'au'

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can recognise when words might be spelt with the letter strings 'ough' and 'au'.

      Key learning points

      1. The 'ough' spelling can make a variety of sounds.
      2. The 'au' spelling can make a variety of sounds.
      3. When you hear one of these sounds, the word might contain the 'ough' or 'au' spelling.
      4. The pronunciation of the 'au' letter string may vary depending on accent.
      5. How to spell the curriculum words: amateur and sacrifice.

      Keywords

      • Letter string - a group of letters that are written together in a word

      • Phoneme - the smallest unit of sound that can change a word's meaning

      • Digraph - two letters that represent one sound

      Common misconception

      Pupils might think that all words with the letter strings 'ough' and 'au' are pronounced the same way.

      Show pupils that these letter strings can sound different depending on the word they are in. Explore different words and talk about which sounds are the most and least common.

      Teacher tip

      Take time to discuss the words in this lesson as there may be unfamiliar vocabulary. Pupils need to understand the meaning of words if they are expected to be able to spell them. Take note of your children's accents, particularly in learning cycle 2.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Identify the spellings that contain the 'or' sound.

      Correct answer: warm
      laugh
      Correct answer: naughty
      tower
      Correct answer: thought

      Q2.
      Match the 'or' sound spellings to the correct words.

      Correct Answer:door,oor

      oor

      Correct Answer:morning,or

      or

      Correct Answer:jigsaw,aw

      aw

      Correct Answer:pause,au

      au

      Correct Answer:thought,ough

      ough

      Q3.
      Which sentences are in the past tense?

      I buy a pint of milk.
      Correct answer: I bought a pint of milk.
      I think it is my friend's birthday today.
      Correct answer: I thought it was my friend's birthday today.

      Q4.
      Match the words to the number of phonemes they contain.

      Correct Answer:walking,5

      5

      Correct Answer:more,2

      2

      Correct Answer:bought,3

      3

      Q5.
      Which of the following words are homophones?

      play
      Correct answer: pause
      plane
      Correct answer: paws

      Q6.
      Choose the correct spelling of the word in bold in the following sentence: 'I like to jror in my sketchbook.'

      dror
      drawer
      Correct answer: draw
      droor

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Identify the words containing the 'ough' letter string.

      Correct answer: tough
      outdoor
      scuffle
      Correct answer: nought
      story

      Q2.
      Match the words to the sound that the ‘ough’ letter string is making.

      Correct Answer:brought,or

      or

      Correct Answer:through,oo

      oo

      Correct Answer:dough,oa

      oa

      Q3.
      Match the words to the sound that the ‘au’ letter string is making.

      Correct Answer:haunt,or

      or

      Correct Answer:vault,o

      o

      Correct Answer:aunt,ar or a

      ar or a

      Q4.
      Choose the correct spelling of the word in bold in the following sentence: 'You need to crawl throw the tunnel.'

      throo
      threw
      thruogh
      Correct answer: through

      Q5.
      Choose the correct spelling of the word in bold in the following sentence: 'There were rumours that the house was hawnted.'

      hornted
      Correct answer: haunted
      houghnted
      horented

      Q6.
      Write the correct spelling of the word in bold in the following sentence: 'I hope you are wearing enuff layers.'

      Correct Answer: enough

      To help you plan your 6 English lesson on: Recognising the different sounds made by the letter strings 'ough' and 'au', download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...