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      Using hyphens to join prefixes to root words

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can identify when to use a hyphen to join a prefix to a root word.

      Key learning points

      1. A hyphen can be used to join a prefix to a root word but there are no set rules.
      2. Hyphens are more commonly used to prevent two vowels appearing next to each other e.g. re-enter and co-ordinate.
      3. Hyphens are often used with the prefixes ex- and self- e.g. ex-president and self-care.
      4. Hyphens can join a prefix to a root word to avoid ambiguity in meaning e.g. re-cover or recover.
      5. How to spell the curriculum words: interrupt and exaggerate.

      Keywords

      • Prefix - a letter or group of letters added to the start of a root word to change its meaning

      • Root word - the base word from which other words are formed often by adding prefixes or suffixes

      • Hyphen - a punctuation mark that can join a prefix to a base word to avoid spelling or meaning ambiguity

      Common misconception

      Pupils may start using hyphens for all prefixes.

      Emphasise that not all prefixes require a hyphen - some prefixes use them more frequently, but others rarely do.

      Teacher tip

      Refer to the Year 6 Grammar Unit 'Punctuation' to explore the use and purposes of a hyphen more explicitly.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Select the prefixes.

      abc
      Correct answer: anti-
      first
      -ly
      Correct answer: inter-

      Q2.
      What does the prefix co- usually mean? Example words are 'coordinate' or 'copilot'.

      Correct answer: with
      before
      against

      Q3.
      What does the prefix inter- usually mean? Example words are 'international' or 'intercity'.

      under or nearly
      make the opposite or undo
      Correct answer: between

      Q4.
      What does the word 'recover' mean?

      Correct answer: to return to a normal state of health or strength after illness or setback
      to get back something that was lost or misplaced
      to find or learn something again

      Q5.
      Match these words to their meanings.

      Correct Answer:re-sign,sign again

      sign again

      Correct Answer:ex-wife,a former (past) wife

      a former (past) wife

      Correct Answer:self-belief,belief in yourself

      belief in yourself

      Q6.
      Correct the spelling of the word in bold in the following sentence: 'Please reewind the film.'

      Correct Answer: rewind

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match these prefixes to the appropriate root words.

      Correct Answer:non-,negotiable

      negotiable

      Correct Answer:self-,centred

      centred

      Correct Answer:ex-,girlfriend

      girlfriend

      Correct Answer:pre-,existing

      existing

      Q2.
      Select the statements about prefixes which are correct.

      A prefix almost always alters the spelling of a root word.
      Correct answer: A prefix is added to the start of a root word to change its meaning.
      A prefix is added to the end of a root word to change its meaning.
      Correct answer: A prefix can sometimes be joined to a root word with a hyphen.
      A prefix is always joined to a root word with a hyphen.

      Q3.
      Fill in the gap in the following sentence: 'Luca decided to __________ from his position on the school council to focus on other activities.'

      re-sign
      Correct answer: resign
      re-cover
      recover

      Q4.
      Fill in the gap in the following sentence: 'Dad decided to __________ the old chair with a bright, new fabric to make it look brand new.'

      re-sign
      resign
      Correct answer: re-cover
      recover

      Q5.
      Select the words where a hyphen could be used to separate two vowels next to each other.

      Correct answer: coauthor
      redo
      Correct answer: reenter
      cohabit

      Q6.
      Correct the spelling of the word in bold in the following sentence: 'He had a tendency to exadgerate a story to make people laugh.'

      Correct Answer: exaggerate

      To help you plan your 6 English lesson on: Using hyphens to join prefixes to root words, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...