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      Publishing a non-chronological report about a penguin

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can publish a non-chronological report about macaroni penguins with an accompanying illustration.

      Key learning points

      1. Publishing our work is the final stage of the writing process where we prepare our writing ready for an audience to see.
      2. Published work should be written in clear, joined handwriting with letters that start on the line.
      3. A published non-chronological report will usually include a picture or diagram.
      4. We indent each new paragraph and underline subheadings with a ruler and we follow any appropriate layout conventions.

      Keywords

      • Publishing - the process of producing written content available for an audience

      • Audience - the person who reads our work

      • Layout - the way the information is organised on the page

      • Visual aid - a graph, chart, image or diagram that enhances understanding in non-fiction texts

      • Caption - a brief description accompanying an image that gives extra context

      Common misconception

      Pupils may have negative attitudes towards publishing their work.

      Publishing becomes highly motivating when there is a real audience for the work - for instance, you could copy the reports and illustrations and gather them into a presentation book that can be taken home by each child in turn.

      Teacher tip

      You may decide to only publish certain sections of the report. For the written work, a slide is left intentionally lined for you to model publishing expectations to the class (or you may wish to simply show a model piece of work with a visualiser).

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What punctuation needs to be added to this sentence? While one parent incubates the egg the other forages at sea.

      two commas
      brackets
      a full stop
      Correct answer: a comma

      Q2.
      Which fronted adverbial could join these two sentences? The penguin has strong flippers that help it swim. It has solid bones that help it dive deeper.

      However,
      Because of this,
      Correct answer: In addition,
      As a result,

      Q3.
      Which versions of the sentence are correctly punctuated?

      The penguin a flightless bird, is well-adapted to its habitat.
      Correct answer: The penguin, a flightless bird, is well-adapted to its habitat.
      Correct answer: The penguin (a flightless bird) is well-adapted to its habitat.
      The penguin a flightless bird, is well-adapted to its habitat.

      Q4.
      Which co-ordinating conjunction could be added to join these two sentences? The penguin will eat various sea animals. It depends heavily on krill to survive.

      Correct answer: but
      and
      as
      or

      Q5.
      Which passages have good text cohesion?

      One parent incubates the egg. It relies on its fat stores to survive.
      Correct answer: One parent incubates the egg, relying on its fat stores to survive.
      Correct answer: As one parent incubates the egg, it relies on its fat stores to survive.

      Q6.
      Which sentence uses vocabulary most appropriately for a non-chronological report?

      These penguins really know how to swim!
      Correct answer: Penguins are well-adapted to swimming in the ocean.
      Aren't penguins great at swimming?

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of these might we do when publishing our work?

      change lots of words and whole sections of text
      Correct answer: use a sensible layout to help our audience read it
      Correct answer: include diagrams with captions
      Correct answer: use clear, joined handwriting

      Q2.
      What is the purpose of a caption?

      to describe exactly what we see in the picture
      Correct answer: to add extra detail to what is shown in the picture
      to label features inside the picture

      Q3.
      Match the keywords to their purpose.

      Correct Answer:caption,to add extra detail linked to the image

      to add extra detail linked to the image

      Correct Answer:diagram,to give the reader a mental image of an important thing in our report

      to give the reader a mental image of an important thing in our report

      Correct Answer:labels,to draw attention to important parts of the object

      to draw attention to important parts of the object

      Q4.
      Match these layout and publishing features of a non-chronological report to their purpose.

      Correct Answer:title,to allow the audience to know the subject of the report

      to allow the audience to know the subject of the report

      Correct Answer:subheading,to allow the audience to find information easily on a particular theme

      to allow the audience to find information easily on a particular theme

      Correct Answer:neat handwriting,to allow the audience to read the text easily

      to allow the audience to read the text easily

      Correct Answer:spacing between paragraphs,to allow the audience to see where sections begin and end

      to allow the audience to see where sections begin and end

      Q5.
      True or false? All non-chronological reports will follow the same structure.

      Correct Answer: false, False, fols, Fols

      Q6.
      Which of the following are useful strategies for checking spellings we are unsure of?

      Correct answer: counting the sounds and syllables
      Correct answer: checking in a dictionary
      Correct answer: trying out alternatives to see what 'looks right'
      just guess

      To help you plan your 6 English lesson on: Publishing a non-chronological report about a penguin, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...