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      Making inferences from two non-fiction texts

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can use inference to explain complexities in writers’ attitudes.

      Key learning points

      1. Writers convey their meaning through explicit statements and implicit suggestion.
      2. The reader makes inferences in order to discover the more nuanced meanings.
      3. Inference involves zooming in on the connotations of chosen words.
      4. Font styles can also be a subtle way of communicating ideas.

      Keywords

      • Immersive - deep absorption or interest in topic or place

      • Explicit - clear and obvious

      • Implicit - suggested or hinted at

      • Destitute - extremely poor

      Common misconception

      Students think that attitudes are often strong and one dimensional.

      Encourage them to think about how it is possible for a book or a film to be both frightening and enjoyable.

      Teacher tip

      Ask students to look at how capitalisation, italicisation, underlining and using bold can change the tone of a word.

      Equipment

      You need access to the opening of Bill Bryson’s travel book ‘Notes From A Small Island’. A copy of the extract from George Orwell’s ‘Down and Out in Paris and London’ in the additional materials.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What do we mean when we say that writing is in italics?

      text that is in a different colour
      Correct answer: text that slopes to the right
      text that is written in capitals
      text that is written in a different font

      Q2.
      Match the capital cities with their country.

      Correct Answer:Rome ,Italy

      Italy

      Correct Answer:London,England

      England

      Correct Answer:Paris ,France

      France

      Correct Answer:Berlin ,Germany

      Germany

      Q3.
      What is the best synonym for optimism?

      Correct answer: hope
      confidence
      pessimism
      realism

      Q4.
      What are we doing when we make inferences from a text?

      memorising key information for using later
      evaluating the quality of the writer's work
      Correct answer: drawing conclusions based on the text and background knowledge
      critically evaluating the writer's argument

      Q5.
      What does the phrase 'down and out' mean?

      extreme physical ill health
      Correct answer: a state of extreme poverty
      extreme distress or sadness
      extreme tiredness

      Q6.
      What are we doing when we zoom in on a word?

      Correct answer: examining the word closely for connotations and meanings
      moving the word to the centre of the page
      making the word into the title of an article
      carefully considering how the word works within a sentence

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the words with their synonyms.

      Correct Answer:immersive ,absorbing

      absorbing

      Correct Answer:explicit,clear

      clear

      Correct Answer:implicit,hinted at

      hinted at

      Correct Answer:destitute,poverty stricken

      poverty stricken

      Q2.
      Which of the following is the best example of optimistic language?

      Correct answer: "something of the spirit of the rue du Coq d'Or"
      "desolate cries of street hawkers"
      "sour reek of the refuse-carts"
      "fairly rackety place"

      Q3.
      Which of the following is the best definition of immersive journalism?

      war reporting especially when it includes interviews with soldiers
      crime reporting that reveals lots of background information
      journalism that is similar to fiction
      Correct answer: journalism where the writer lives the experience being reported

      Q4.
      Where was Bill Bryson born?

      Correct Answer: The United States, America , the US, US, United States

      Q5.
      Which of the following are associated with implicit meanings?

      first impressions
      Correct answer: second thoughts
      Correct answer: open to interpretation
      clearly stated

      Q6.
      Match the words with their likely connotations.

      Correct Answer:fog,hidden

      hidden

      Correct Answer:shuttered ,kept out

      kept out

      Correct Answer:dark ,supernatural

      supernatural

      Correct Answer:silence ,deserted

      deserted


      To help you plan your 11 English lesson on: Making inferences from two non-fiction texts, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...