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Using and understanding irony in non-fiction writing

Lesson details

Learning outcome

I can understand and explain the use of irony and use it for effect in my own writing.

Key learning points

  1. Broadly speaking, irony is a contrast between expectations and reality.
  2. There are three main types of irony: verbal, situational, and dramatic.
  3. Irony might be used to critique preconceptions or expectations or to create humour.
  4. Dramatic irony might also affect our opinion of a character.
  5. In persuasive writing, irony might be used to subvert the readers’ expectations and challenge their ideas.

Keywords

  • Irony - a contrast between expectations and reality

  • Subvert - to criticise or undermine the usual way of doing something or common values

  • Persuade - convince (someone) to do something through reasoning or argument

  • Hypocrisy - the behaviour of people who do things that they tell other people not to do

  • Preconception - an idea or opinion formed before enough information is available to form it correctly

Common misconception

That irony is the same thing as a coincidence.

Irony is a contrast between expectations and reality whereas coincidence involves a great deal of luck, or chance.

Teacher tip

It would be useful for pupils to share their answers to Task A to ensure that they have understood how and why irony is being used before moving onto using irony in their own work.

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
(Collection 2).

Lesson video

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Prior knowledge starter quiz

6 Questions

Q1.
'To convince (someone) to do something through reasoning or argument' is the definition of .

Correct Answer: persuade, persuasive, to persuade, persuasion

Q2.
If the sun is shining outside then you would stereotypically expect someone to say which of the following?

"What awful weather we're having!"
Correct answer: "What a glorious day!"
Correct answer: "What lovely weather we're having!"
"What a hideous day!"

Q3.
In a race between a tortoise and a hare, which of the following outcomes would we expect?

the race to be a draw
the tortoise to win
Correct answer: the hare to win

Q4.
'Indicate the faults of (someone or something) in a disapproving way' is the definition of which of the following?

Correct answer: criticise
conform
celebrate

Q5.
'A limiting condition or measure, especially a legal one' is the definition of which of the following?

release
Correct answer: restriction
reevaluation

Q6.
'To criticise or undermine the usual way of doing something or common values' is the definition of which of the following?

submerge
Correct answer: subvert
subtract
subordinate

6 Questions

Q1.
'A contrast between expectations and reality' is the definition of which word?

Correct Answer: irony, ironic

Q2.
Match the type of irony with the definition.

Correct Answer:verbal irony,when a person says one thing but means the opposite

when a person says one thing but means the opposite

Correct Answer:situational irony,when the opposite of what is expected happens

when the opposite of what is expected happens

Correct Answer:dramatic irony,when the audience know something that characters do not

when the audience know something that characters do not

Q3.
'An idea or opinion formed before enough information is available to form it correctly' is the definition of which of the following?

premonition
Correct answer: preconception
premeditation

Q4.
Which of the following might a writer use irony to create?

Correct answer: humour
conformity
Correct answer: tension

Q5.
In persuasive writing, irony might be used to the reader's expectations.

Correct Answer: subvert

Q6.
'The behaviour of people who do things that they tell other people not to do' is the definition of which word beginning with 'h'?

Correct Answer: hypocrisy, hypocrite, hypocritical

To help you plan your 11 English lesson on: Using and understanding irony in non-fiction writing, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...