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      Christmas traditions: singular and plural nouns

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can recognise and use three different plural rules, understand some German Christmas traditions and write a Christmas letter in German.

      Vocabulary and transcripts for this lessons

      Key learning points

      1. [รค] can be either short (followed by 2 or more consonants) or long (followed by a single consonant or 'h').
      2. For noun plural rule 1, most masculine and neuter nouns add -e to the end and an umlaut on the vowel (รค, รถ, รผ).
      3. For noun plural rule 2, words ending in -el, -en or -er are often the same in the plural.
      4. For noun plural rule 3, most feminine nouns add '-n' or '-en'.

      Keywords

      • [รค] - pronounced long [รค] as in โ€˜spรคtโ€™ and short [รค] as in โ€˜lรคcheln'

      • Plural rule 1 - most masculine and neuter nouns add -e to the end and an umlaut on the vowel (รค, รถ, รผ)

      • Plural rule 2 - masculine and neuter nouns ending in -el, -er or -en often stay the same in their plural form

      • Plural rule 3 - most feminine nouns either add -n or -en to the end of the noun

      Common misconception

      All nouns change when they are in their plural form.

      There are three different plural rules. 1. Most masculine and neuter nouns add -e to the end and an umlaut to the vowel; 2. M. and nt. nouns ending in -el, -er or -en often stay the same when plural; 3. Most feminine nouns add -n or -en to the end.

      Teacher tip

      Navigate the topic of Father Christmas carefully. There will be students who donโ€™t celebrate Christmas at all, those who do give and receive gifts but for whom the celebrations are 100% secular, those who are practising Christians, and those who still believe in Father Christmas.

      Licence

      This content is ยฉ Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is an umlaut?

      Correct answer: two dots above the vowels a, o or u
      a line above the vowels a, o or u
      two dots above the vowels e, a or u
      a letter which looks like 'B' and means 'ss'

      Q2.
      Masculine and neuter nouns ending in __________ don't usually change in their plural form.

      Correct answer: -el
      -e
      -sch
      Correct answer: -en
      Correct answer: -er

      Q3.
      Which of these words is the plural word for 'the' in German?

      der
      Correct answer: die
      das

      Q4.
      Match the vocabulary below to the correct English translations.

      Correct Answer:manchmal,sometimes
      Correct Answer:oft,often
      Correct Answer:nie,never
      Correct Answer:kaum,hardly
      Correct Answer:einmal die Woche,once a week

      Q5.
      Match the infinitives to the correct English translations.

      Correct Answer:zeigen,to show
      Correct Answer:sprechen,to speak
      Correct Answer:zuhรถren,to listen
      Correct Answer:lesen,to read
      Correct Answer:schreiben,to write
      Correct Answer:wiederholen,to repeat

      Q6.
      Complete the following sentence: 'Die Familie __________ da.'

      sind
      Correct answer: ist
      sein

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which words have a long [รค] sound?

      Correct answer: zรคhlen
      Verhรคltnis
      Correct answer: spรคt
      Correct answer: Nรคhe
      lรคcheln

      Q2.
      Match the vocabulary below to the correct English translations.

      Correct Answer:der Hund,dog
      Correct Answer:die Kirche,church
      Correct Answer:die Familie,family
      Correct Answer:die Woche,week
      Correct Answer:die Katze,cat
      Correct Answer:die Idee,idea

      Q3.
      Select the singular nouns.

      Correct answer: der Film
      die Spiele
      die Zimmer
      Correct answer: der Engel
      Correct answer: das Haustier

      Q4.
      Translate the following sentence into English: 'Die Kirchen sind warm.'

      Correct Answer: The churches are warm., The churches are warm

      Q5.
      German children have the choice to send their Christmas wish list to one of how many possible people?

      two
      Correct answer: three
      four

      Q6.
      The song 'Wir wรผnschen dir frohe Weihnacht' is a translated version of which English Christmas song?

      Jingle Bells
      Deck the Halls
      Correct answer: We Wish You a Merry Christmas
      Silent Night

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