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      Norman reforms of English monasticism

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain the changes brought about to English monasteries.

      Key learning points

      1. As well as his Church reforms, Lanfranc also oversaw reform of English monasteries.
      2. English monasteries grew in number and size under the Normans.
      3. The Normans introduced Cluniac monasteries to England.
      4. English abbots were replaced with Normans.

      Keywords

      • Liturgy - the prayers and rituals regularly carried out together by a religious community or religious group

      • Monastery - a community of monks; the term monastic and monasticism relate to monasteries

      • Constitution - a set of principles and legal decisions which people agree to follow

      • Celibate - not having sexual relationships, usually for religious reasons

      • Order - in this context, groups of monks or nuns who live together as a religious community, following a set of rules for that order

      Common misconception

      Monks were all poor.

      Although individual monks gave up all their possessions, Norman monasteries were often extremely wealthy because they held very large amount of land granted to them by the king or Norman barons and knights.

      Teacher tip

      The history of nunneries in Norman England is very interesting, with many women choosing to become nuns to escape the changes that Normans brought to English women's lives after the conquest. A popular historical charity has excellent online resources on this topic.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      The Reform Papacy was a movement in the Church that aimed to address and improve the spiritual authority of the Church.

      Correct Answer: corruption, Corruption

      Q2.
      Controversially, the said that the pope had the right to depose kings and emperors.

      Correct Answer: Dictatus Papae, dictatus papae

      Q3.
      agreed to support William's invasion of Normandy.

      Correct Answer: Alexander II, alexander ii, alexander II

      Q4.
      The papacy saw the English Church as needing...

      Correct Answer: reform, Reform

      Q5.
      The Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV was after disagreeing with the Pope about who should appoint the next bishop of Milan.

      Correct Answer: excommunicated, Excommunicated

      Q6.
      In the German city of Worms, a Concordat agreed a compromise between the papacy and __________ V.

      William
      Correct answer: Henry
      Stephen
      Gregory

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Monks spent long periods chanting and singing the together.

      Correct Answer: liturgy, Liturgy

      Q2.
      St Benedict's rules said that...

      Correct answer: monasteries should be self-contained
      monasteries should often deal with the outside world
      Correct answer: monks should be silent for most of the day
      monks had no need to remain silent for much of the day

      Q3.
      In 1082, William of Saint-Calais replaced married church clerks with...

      Correct Answer: monks, Monks

      Q4.
      Around 1077, Lanfranc issued his monastic...

      Correct Answer: constitutions, Constitutions

      Q5.
      There were __________ Benedictine monasteries in England in 1066.

      three
      Correct answer: 35
      350
      3500

      Q6.
      By the end of William’s reign, only __________ English abbots remained in office

      two
      Correct answer: three
      four
      five

      To help you plan your 10 history lesson on: Norman reforms of English monasticism, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...