Choose exam board for KS4 Computer Science (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 English
Choose exam board for KS4 French
Choose exam board for KS4 Geography
Choose exam board for KS4 German
Choose exam board for KS4 History
Choose tier for KS4 Maths
Choose exam board for KS4 Music
Choose exam board for KS4 Physical education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Religious education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Spanish

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain the impact of the Reform Papacy on relations between the Church and secular rulers.

      Key learning points

      1. Popes from the mid-11th century wished to reform the Church.
      2. The pope had given William of Normandy the papal banner to invade England.
      3. In return, William promised to reform the English Church in line with the Reform Papacy.
      4. Pope Gregory IX issued his Dictatus Papae which said the pope had the power to depose monarchs.
      5. The Reform Papacy clashed with monarchs in Europe, especially the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV.

      Keywords

      • Secular - the opposite of sacred; a part of life that is not to do with the Church or religion

      • Depose - remove someone from office (their official role or position)

      • Excommunication - to exclude someone from the community of the Church until they put right what they had been doing wrong

      • Concordat - a treaty or official agreement

      Common misconception

      The Normans reforms of the Church were specific to England.

      The Church reforms were part of a much bigger European reform movement led by a succession of popes known as the Reform Papacy.

      Teacher tip

      Students may have studied the Reform Papacy as background to learning about the Crusades at Key Stage 3: if so, reconnect with that prior learning here.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of peer pressure or bullying

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

      Loading...

      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      ___________ was replaced as Archbishop of Canterbury by Lanfranc.

      Anselm
      Correct answer: Stigand
      Wulfstan

      Q2.
      The pope William's reforms to the Church in England.

      Correct Answer: suppported, Supported

      Q3.
      When Gregory became pope William I refused to travel to Rome and 'do '.

      Correct Answer: fealty, Fealty

      Q4.
      William II was motivated to leave important Church positions unfilled because of reasons to do with...

      Correct Answer: money, Money

      Q5.
      William II appointed __________ as Archbishop of Canterbury but later tried to remove him, but failed.

      Correct answer: Anselm
      Lanfranc
      Stigand
      Wulfstan

      Q6.
      A compromise over __________ was reached in 1107 with the Concordat of London.

      pluralism
      simony
      clerical marriage
      Correct answer: investiture

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      The Papacy was a movement in the Church that aimed to address corruption and improve the spiritual authority of the Church.

      Correct Answer: Reform, reform

      Q2.
      Controversially, the Dictatus Papae said that the pope had the right to depose kings and...

      Correct Answer: emperors, Emperors

      Q3.
      Which pope agreed to support William's invasion of Normandy?

      Gregory VII
      Leo IX
      Correct answer: Alexander II

      Q4.
      In return for the papacy's support for his invasion, William promised to reform the English...

      Correct Answer: Church, church

      Q5.
      In 1077, Pope Gregory VII was able to demonstrate his...

      Correct answer: power
      wealth
      piety

      Q6.
      In the German city of , a Concordat agreed a compromise between the papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry V.

      Correct Answer: Worms, worms

      To help you plan your 10 history lesson on: The Reform Papacy, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...