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      Racial tension in early 20th century America

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can assess the racial tensions which existed in the USA during the 1920s.

      Key learning points

      1. The Ku Klux Klan revived after 1915 and was committed to protecting 'pure Americanism'.
      2. Membership of the KKK peaked at 5 000 000 and extended nationwide.
      3. Jim Crow Laws enforced segregation of African American people in the South.
      4. African Americans also faced persecution and discrimination in the North.
      5. Recent immigrants, Catholics and Jews were victims of racial tensions.

      Keywords

      • Klansmen - members of the Ku Klux Klan were known as Klansmen

      • Supremacy - supremacy refers to a situation where one thing is considered better than another

      • Minorities - minorities are small groups of people within a country who differ from the main population in race, religion, culture or language; in the USA this included African Americans and recent immigrants

      Common misconception

      Racial tension was only an issue for African Americans in the 1920s.

      In both the North and South, Catholics, Jews and recently arrived immigrants frequently experienced prejudice, discrimination and even violence from WASPs, just as African Americans did.

      Teacher tip

      Ask students how effective segregation of neighbourhoods in cities in the North could create further racial tensions. If necessary, prompt students to consider effects this could have on education and understanding of other cultures.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Depiction or discussion of serious crime

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Write the missing word. A is a person who who believes in sharing wealth equally.

      Correct Answer: communist, Communist

      Q2.
      Which groups were targeted during the Palmer Raids in 1919 and 1920?

      Correct answer: anarchists
      capitalists
      Correct answer: communists
      industrialists

      Q3.
      Write the missing word. The Scare was a period in America lasting into the early 1920s when there was intense fear and paranoia of anarchist and communist threats.

      Correct Answer: Red, red

      Q4.
      Which of the following groups were often suspected of being anarchists and communists in 1920s America?

      African Americans
      factory owners
      Native Americans
      Correct answer: recent immigrants
      Correct answer: trade unionists

      Q5.
      Starting with the earliest, sort the following events into chronological order.

      1 - Communists take power in Russia following revolution
      2 - Seattle General Strike
      3 - Mayor of Seattle claims strikers wanted a revolution
      4 - Trade union membership in the USA declines

      Q6.
      Which example best demonstrates that the Red Scare led to increased racial intolerance in the USA?

      introduction of Prohibition
      Correct answer: Sacco and Vanzetti case
      St Valentine's Day Massacre

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match each of the keywords with the correct definitions.

      Correct Answer:ghetto,poor area of a city where people of a particular race or religion live

      poor area of a city where people of a particular race or religion live

      Correct Answer:minorities,small groups of people who differ from the main population

      small groups of people who differ from the main population

      Correct Answer:segergate,to separate groups of people based on things like their race

      to separate groups of people based on things like their race

      Correct Answer:supremacy,situation where one thing is considered better than another

      situation where one thing is considered better than another

      Q2.
      Which of the following groups were seen as 'pure Americans' by the KKK?

      African Americans
      Catholics
      Jews
      Correct answer: WASPs

      Q3.
      Write the missing word. A race occurred in Chicago in 1919.

      Correct Answer: riot

      Q4.
      How many members did the KKK have by 1925?

      50 000
      500 000
      2 500 000
      Correct answer: 5 000 000

      Q5.
      59 African Americans were lynched in 1921 and 68 people were whipped by the Dallas KKK in 1922. Which conclusion in most valid based on these statistics?

      Police forces and courts in the South treated African Americans severly.
      Correct answer: Racial tension led to increasing lawlessness in the South.
      White violence against African Americans often went unpunished.

      Q6.
      Which example best demonstrates that segregation effectively existed in the North?

      African Americans were usually paid lower wages than white workers.
      Jim Crow laws were in place.
      Prejudiced views of African americans and immigrants were widespread.
      Correct answer: Some public spaces were unofficially for 'white's only'.

      To help you plan your 11 history lesson on: Racial tension in early 20th century America, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...