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      The end of the British Empire in the 20th century

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can recall that in the latter half of the 20th century the British Empire began to collapse with many nations being granted independence.

      Key learning points

      1. After WW2, the British Empire began to collapse in the face of nationalist and independence movements.
      2. India was granted independence in 1947 following the violent partition of India and Pakistan.
      3. In 1956, President Nasser of Egypt took control of the Suez Canal which resulted in a failed invasion from Britain.
      4. In 1957, Kwame Nkrumah led the successful campaign for Ghanaian independence.
      5. After a brutal and violent suppression of the Mau Mau Rebellion, Kenya was granted independence in 1963.

      Keywords

      • Decolonisation - the process by which colonies of the British Empire gradually achieved independence from Britain during the course of the 20th century

      • Nationalist - a person who wants their country to be politically independent

      • Partition - to divide into parts

      • Rebellion - an act of rising up against rulers or authority

      Common misconception

      Decolonisation happened everywhere at once.

      Decolonisation happened in different places at different points throughout the 20th century, for reasons specific to each area's context.

      Teacher tip

      Encourage students to know that decolonisation happened differently in different places at different times, depending on the specific context and history of the region.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What was the cause of significant migration from Ireland to Britain in the 19th century?

      a failure of the rice crop
      a failure of the grain crop
      a failure of the wheat crop
      Correct answer: a failure of the potato crop

      Q2.
      Why did some Indian lascars migrate to Britain in the 19th century?

      political opportunities
      Correct answer: economic opportunities
      cultural opportunities

      Q3.
      What negative experiences did some migrants to Britain have to suffer?

      Correct answer: racism
      ill health
      Correct answer: discrimination
      lack of cultural diversity

      Q4.
      In 1290, what group of migrants were expelled from England?

      Correct Answer: Jewish people, Jews, Jewish migrants

      Q5.
      What word means treating people badly because of their ethnicity, religion, political beliefs or identity?

      Correct Answer: persecution, persecute, persecuted

      Q6.
      Which colonies did some British citizens migrate to during the 19th and early 20th centuries?

      Correct answer: Canada
      Italy
      Correct answer: India
      The United States

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following is the best definition of decolonisation?

      the belief that a nation should have sovereignty over its own affairs
      the division of one thing into many different parts
      Correct answer: the process by which colonies of European empires achieved independence
      the process of gaining control over other countries and their resources

      Q2.
      What is the word for a person who wants their country to be politically independent?

      Correct Answer: nationalist, nationalism

      Q3.
      What led to Britain withdrawing from the Suez Canal?

      The involvement of the US and France.
      The involvement of France and the Soviet Union.
      Correct answer: The involvement of the US and the Soviet Union.

      Q4.
      Who won an election in 1951 despite being in prison?

      Gamel Abdel Nasser
      Correct answer: Dr Kwame Nkrumah
      Jomo Kenyatta

      Q5.
      For how long did the Mau Mau Rebellion last?

      over four years
      over six years
      Correct answer: over eight years

      Q6.
      Put the following events in chronological order.

      1 - India and Pakistan gained independence.
      2 - The Suez Canal was nationalised.
      3 - The independent state of Ghana was formed.
      4 - Kenya gained independence.

      To help you plan your 10 history lesson on: The end of the British Empire in the 20th century, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...