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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can understand the difference between direct and indirect aggression, and can apply to specific examples.

      Key learning points

      1. Aggression is the deliberate intention to harm another person, either physically or mentally.
      2. Direct aggression is the use of physical contact to cause harm, such as punching or grabbing.
      3. Indirect aggression does not involve physical contact, instead the peformer takes the aggression out on an object.

      Keywords

      • Aggression - a deliberate intent to harm or injure another person, which can be physical or mental

      • Direct aggression - aggressive act which involves physical contact with others, e.g. a punch

      • Indirect aggression - aggression which does not involve physical contact but is taken out on an object to gain advantage, e.g. hitting a tennis ball hard during a rally

      Common misconception

      All acts of aggression involve violence and are the result of anger.

      Some aggressive acts are controlled and are used to gain a performance advantage in sport. They are also within the rules of sports such as rugby and combat sports.

      Teacher tip

      Tie aggression into broader topics like motivation, arousal and stress management in sports. This will help students see the interconnectedness of these concepts in real sporting contexts, and there are many good examples from sport to bring it to life.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match these mental rehearsal techniques to the definitions.

      Correct Answer:mental rehearsal,picturing yourself performing the skill perfectly
      Correct Answer:visualisation,imagining yourself in a calm, relaxing place
      Correct Answer:deep breathing,exaggerating your breaths in and out
      Correct Answer:positive self-talk,cognitive positive thoughts about your own performance

      Q2.
      The shaded section in the image of the inverted U curve represents arousal.

      An image in a quiz
      Correct Answer: optimal

      Q3.
      Which of the following are benefits of positive self-talk?

      raises anxiety levels
      Correct answer: makes you feel more confident
      makes you worry
      Correct answer: reduces anxiety levels
      reduces stress

      Q4.
      Why might athletes sometimes display aggressive behaviour during a game?

      to show respect for the opposing team
      Correct answer: to gain an advantage and intimidate their opponents
      to improve their relationship with the referee
      increase teamwork and cooperation

      Q5.
      A gross skill will require...

      Correct answer: a higher level of arousal to reach optimal performance than a fine skill
      the same level of arousal to reach optimal performance as a fine skill
      a lower level of arousal to reach optimal performance than a fine skill

      Q6.
      In which level of arousal are you more likely to make unsporting decisions such as being aggressive?

      An image in a quiz
      Correct Answer: over arousal, over aroused, over

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which type(s) of aggression involves physical contact between those involved?

      neither direct or indirect
      Correct answer: direct
      indirect
      both direct and indirect

      Q2.
      Indirect aggression involves the aggression being take out on what?

      Correct Answer: an object, object

      Q3.
      In which of these sports might direct aggression be a useful advantage to performance and allowed within the rules?

      Correct answer: taekwondo
      Correct answer: judo
      volleyball
      Correct answer: boxing
      golf

      Q4.
      Match the example from sport to type of aggression.

      Correct Answer:not aggressive,shaking hands with an opponent after the game
      Correct Answer:controlled direct aggression,throwing your opponent hard, but fairly, in judo
      Correct Answer:uncontrolled direct aggression,fighting with the opponents in ice hockey
      Correct Answer:indirect aggression,aggressively dunking the ball in basketball

      Q5.
      Who is more likely to use direct aggression?

      a hockey player who is under aroused and feeling sleepy
      a tennis player who is at optimal arousal and playing very well
      Correct answer: a handball player who keeps getting fouled and is over aroused

      Q6.
      Which of these might be an intention of a bowler in cricket to use indirect aggression by bowling a 'bouncer' so the batter has to duck out of the way of?

      Correct answer: making the batter fearful of more bouncers
      Correct answer: create an intimidating environment
      giving the batter chance to play the hook shot
      Correct answer: put pressure on the batter to cause a mistake

      To help you plan your 11 physical education lesson on: Aggression, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...