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      Urban change over time

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can analyse how, and the reasons why, urban areas change.

      Key learning points

      1. Urban areas change over time.
      2. Urban population numbers, distribution and spatial growth change over time.
      3. Processes of urban change include urbanisation, suburbanisation, de-industrialisation and regeneration.
      4. Counter-urbanisation is a process leading to urban change.

      Keywords

      • Suburbanisation - the movement of people from more central urban areas to the outskirts of an urban area

      • Urban sprawl - the unplanned, and often rapid, growth of urban areas into the surrounding countryside

      • De-industrialisation - the loss of manufacturing industries from urban areas

      • Regeneration - investing money into poorer and derelict urban areas where there was once a sustainable economy in industry

      Common misconception

      Urban areas can only experience one process of urban change at a time.

      While in theory urban changes appear to follow a logical order, in reality processes often overlap and it is best to avoid thinking of changes occurring along a set timeline.

      Teacher tip

      Urban sprawl can be demonstrated well through students comparing old maps of cities to those of today.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is urbanisation?

      Correct answer: The increase in the proportion of people living in cities
      The movement of people from cities to rural areas
      The development of farming land
      The process of building more houses in the countryside

      Q2.
      Which of the following is a major cause of urban growth?

      More people moving to rural areas
      Factories moving to the countryside
      A decrease in job opportunities in cities
      Correct answer: High birth rates and migration to cities

      Q3.
      What is a megacity?

      A city with many skyscrapers
      Correct answer: A city with over 10 million people
      A city spread across multiple countries
      A city with the largest land area

      Q4.
      Which is not a challenge caused by urbanisation?

      Traffic congestion
      Air pollution
      Correct answer: Increased farmland
      Housing shortages

      Q5.
      Which of the following is a pull factor attracting people to cities?

      High crime rates
      Lack of clean water
      Poor healthcare services
      Correct answer: More job opportunities

      Q6.
      Which industry sector includes manufacturing and construction?

      Primary
      Correct answer: Secondary
      Tertiary
      Quaternary

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      Around the world there is an overall trend of urban areas __________ in size: by population and by their physical footprint.

      shrinking
      Correct answer: growing
      stagnating

      Q2.
      What is suburbanisation?

      The movement of people from rural areas to cities
      The decline of inner-city areas
      Correct answer: The expansion of cities into surrounding areas
      The redevelopment of old industrial zones

      Q3.
      What is urban sprawl?

      Correct answer: The uncontrolled expansion of cities into surrounding areas
      The movement of people back to the city centre
      The redevelopment of abandoned buildings
      The decline of industrial areas

      Q4.
      Which of these statements is true?

      Urban areas can only experience one process of urban change at a time.
      Correct answer: In theory urban changes follow a logical order, in reality processes overlap.
      Once a city is built, it hardly changes at all.

      To help you plan your 11 geography lesson on: Urban change over time, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...